Evaluation of a space-observed electric field structure for the ability
... temperature ratio τ , getting scarcer with increasing τ . However, this dependence is much weaker than that for CDEIC instability. For instance, the CDEIC root shown in Fig. 3 by the dotted line degenerates already at τ = 0.6, while some of the IEDD roots typically persist at τ > 1. This can be seen ...
... temperature ratio τ , getting scarcer with increasing τ . However, this dependence is much weaker than that for CDEIC instability. For instance, the CDEIC root shown in Fig. 3 by the dotted line degenerates already at τ = 0.6, while some of the IEDD roots typically persist at τ > 1. This can be seen ...
RFQ development
... is not only a function of the aperture of the RFQ, but also of the RF frequency and the quality of the electrode surfaces. f ( MHz ) 1.64 10 E e ...
... is not only a function of the aperture of the RFQ, but also of the RF frequency and the quality of the electrode surfaces. f ( MHz ) 1.64 10 E e ...
Magnetic Fields
... We have seen that the magnetic force on a moving charged particle is always perpendicular to its velocity. Because this is generally true and because the velocity is always directed along the instantaneous displacement of the charge, magnetic forces can never do any work. This follows from the gener ...
... We have seen that the magnetic force on a moving charged particle is always perpendicular to its velocity. Because this is generally true and because the velocity is always directed along the instantaneous displacement of the charge, magnetic forces can never do any work. This follows from the gener ...
6. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
... For a current I in the coil, the rate of work done (power) is: But we know that: ...
... For a current I in the coil, the rate of work done (power) is: But we know that: ...
MS-Word - Rex Research
... corresponding properties relating to the acquisition, retention, and loss of magnetic polarity. (15) It appears therefore that certain phenomena in electricity and magnetism lead to the same conclusion as those of optics, namely, that there is an aethereal medium pervading all bodies, and modified o ...
... corresponding properties relating to the acquisition, retention, and loss of magnetic polarity. (15) It appears therefore that certain phenomena in electricity and magnetism lead to the same conclusion as those of optics, namely, that there is an aethereal medium pervading all bodies, and modified o ...
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.