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Hund`s Rules, jj-coupling and the g^n Electron
... assumption and calculating the Coulomb matrix elements one may conclude, with minimal assumptions as to the Coulomb radial integrals[5, 6], that the LS−term that is lowest in energy is 3 H rather than 3 K and hence Hund’s rules are violated in g 2 , the first such case in the periodic table. Such a c ...
... assumption and calculating the Coulomb matrix elements one may conclude, with minimal assumptions as to the Coulomb radial integrals[5, 6], that the LS−term that is lowest in energy is 3 H rather than 3 K and hence Hund’s rules are violated in g 2 , the first such case in the periodic table. Such a c ...
The initialization and manipulation of quantum information
... using electrical gates, has inspired many researchers. Two particular challenges in building the Kane quantum computer are placing phosphorus dopants with atomic precision2 below the surface, and depositing metallic contacts between them. Alternative schemes12–15 , which are conceptually more comple ...
... using electrical gates, has inspired many researchers. Two particular challenges in building the Kane quantum computer are placing phosphorus dopants with atomic precision2 below the surface, and depositing metallic contacts between them. Alternative schemes12–15 , which are conceptually more comple ...
File
... The semiconductor laser is today one of the most important types of lasers with its very important application in fiber optic communication. These lasers use semiconductors as the lasing medium and are characterized by specific advantages such as the capability of direct modulation in the gigahertz ...
... The semiconductor laser is today one of the most important types of lasers with its very important application in fiber optic communication. These lasers use semiconductors as the lasing medium and are characterized by specific advantages such as the capability of direct modulation in the gigahertz ...
wavelength dependence of the light-induced index
... The technique permits the measurement of the dispersion in the photoinduced index change. In the case of our UV irradiated Ge-doped silica fibers, a change in refractive index of 2.3 X ...
... The technique permits the measurement of the dispersion in the photoinduced index change. In the case of our UV irradiated Ge-doped silica fibers, a change in refractive index of 2.3 X ...
Measuring Human Chromosomes using Confocal microscopy
... to an object, the resulted diffraction patterns are recorded. The recorded diffraction pattern reconstructs an image through certain algorithms that iterate between real and reciprocal space. This reconstruction is possible via field propagation method, only when both the intensity and the phase of ...
... to an object, the resulted diffraction patterns are recorded. The recorded diffraction pattern reconstructs an image through certain algorithms that iterate between real and reciprocal space. This reconstruction is possible via field propagation method, only when both the intensity and the phase of ...
Phase retrieval in X-ray phase-contrast imaging suitable for
... different distances from the source [17]. (The same effect can also be achieved by using different amounts of defocus in, e.g., phase-contrast microscopy [19], or by taking images at different wavelengths.) This relates to the uniqueness of the retrieved phase. If only one image is captured, at a ce ...
... different distances from the source [17]. (The same effect can also be achieved by using different amounts of defocus in, e.g., phase-contrast microscopy [19], or by taking images at different wavelengths.) This relates to the uniqueness of the retrieved phase. If only one image is captured, at a ce ...
Advanced Applications
... Dichroic Atomic Vapor Spectroscopy (DAVS) utilizes the Zeeman effect to create a signal suitable for laser locking. A Rubidium or Potassium vapor cell is placed in a weak longitudinal magnetic field. Laser light travels through a Glan-Taylor Polarizer prior to entering the vapor cell, thereby ensuri ...
... Dichroic Atomic Vapor Spectroscopy (DAVS) utilizes the Zeeman effect to create a signal suitable for laser locking. A Rubidium or Potassium vapor cell is placed in a weak longitudinal magnetic field. Laser light travels through a Glan-Taylor Polarizer prior to entering the vapor cell, thereby ensuri ...
Electron Shell Contributions to Gamma-ray Spectra of Positron Annihilation in Noble gases" J. Phys. B.: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics , 43 , 165207 (2010). Feng Wang, Lalitha Selvam, and C. M. Surko, Gleb F Gribakin, and C. M. Surko (PDF)
... shapes in close agreement with those measured, indicating (as expected) that the measurements are not due to a simple sum over the momentum densities for all atomic electrons. The robust nature of the present approach makes it possible for us to proceed to more complex molecular systems using the to ...
... shapes in close agreement with those measured, indicating (as expected) that the measurements are not due to a simple sum over the momentum densities for all atomic electrons. The robust nature of the present approach makes it possible for us to proceed to more complex molecular systems using the to ...
fisica e…
... for the poorer thermal performance of THz QCLs with respect to mid-IR ones, has been the subject of extensive investigation. On one side, THz QCLs are qualitatively different from the mid-IR ones for two reasons: the photon energy is smaller than the LO-phonon one; losses by free carrier scattering ...
... for the poorer thermal performance of THz QCLs with respect to mid-IR ones, has been the subject of extensive investigation. On one side, THz QCLs are qualitatively different from the mid-IR ones for two reasons: the photon energy is smaller than the LO-phonon one; losses by free carrier scattering ...
Design and Fabrication of Tb -Doped Silicon Oxy
... emanating from the microdisk edge and focus it onto the entrance slit of a monochromator. The excitation power was about 10 mW, and the spectral resolution of the optical setup was about 0.5 nm. Fig. 4(a) shows the side-PL spectra from a microdisk, together with the calculated WGM resonance peak pos ...
... emanating from the microdisk edge and focus it onto the entrance slit of a monochromator. The excitation power was about 10 mW, and the spectral resolution of the optical setup was about 0.5 nm. Fig. 4(a) shows the side-PL spectra from a microdisk, together with the calculated WGM resonance peak pos ...
Electron shell contributions to gamma
... shapes in close agreement with those measured, indicating (as expected) that the measurements are not due to a simple sum over the momentum densities for all atomic electrons. The robust nature of the present approach makes it possible for us to proceed to more complex molecular systems using the to ...
... shapes in close agreement with those measured, indicating (as expected) that the measurements are not due to a simple sum over the momentum densities for all atomic electrons. The robust nature of the present approach makes it possible for us to proceed to more complex molecular systems using the to ...
PHOTONIC ENTANGLEMENT: NEW SOURCES AND NEW APPLICATIONS JI ˇ R´
... representatives (or Ψ-functions) have become entangled. The strange behaviour of entangled quantum states is essentially an inherent feature of Quantum Mechanics. Entanglement is thus one of the main traits of quantum theory, for some it is even the weirdest feature of quantum mechanics [4]. Discuss ...
... representatives (or Ψ-functions) have become entangled. The strange behaviour of entangled quantum states is essentially an inherent feature of Quantum Mechanics. Entanglement is thus one of the main traits of quantum theory, for some it is even the weirdest feature of quantum mechanics [4]. Discuss ...
Modeling and Simulation of Photoemission Based Electron Sources
... out in a self-consistent manner. It takes into account the Schottky-like modulation of the cathode quantum efficiency (QE). In pulsed operation, this effect causes the QE of the cathode to be time dependent. Thus, the electron bunch temporal profile is not the same as the laser pulse profile and it ...
... out in a self-consistent manner. It takes into account the Schottky-like modulation of the cathode quantum efficiency (QE). In pulsed operation, this effect causes the QE of the cathode to be time dependent. Thus, the electron bunch temporal profile is not the same as the laser pulse profile and it ...
the spin of the electron and its role in spectroscopy
... produced in the laboratory can alter even slightly the charge oscillations, which, in his theory, were responsible for light emission. It is easier to explain Zeeman’s result if I remind you a certain nomenclature. An emission spectrum is a plot of the intensity of the emitted light as a function of ...
... produced in the laboratory can alter even slightly the charge oscillations, which, in his theory, were responsible for light emission. It is easier to explain Zeeman’s result if I remind you a certain nomenclature. An emission spectrum is a plot of the intensity of the emitted light as a function of ...
Femtosecond pulse propagation in silicon waveguides: Variational
... which linear and nonlinear process affect a particular pulse parameter. Considerable physical insight is gained by noting that the pulse width in Eq. (12) is affected directly not only by the dispersion parameter (as expected) but also by the TPA (somewhat unexpected). Moreover, whereas dispersion m ...
... which linear and nonlinear process affect a particular pulse parameter. Considerable physical insight is gained by noting that the pulse width in Eq. (12) is affected directly not only by the dispersion parameter (as expected) but also by the TPA (somewhat unexpected). Moreover, whereas dispersion m ...
Enhanced transmission in near-field imaging of layered plasmonic
... (NSOM), convention dictates that smaller apertures provide better resolution. As aperture diameter decreases, so does the amount of light exiting the aperture. It has since been shown that surface plasmon resonances can be used to increase the transmission through an NSOM aperture [3, 4]. Optical pr ...
... (NSOM), convention dictates that smaller apertures provide better resolution. As aperture diameter decreases, so does the amount of light exiting the aperture. It has since been shown that surface plasmon resonances can be used to increase the transmission through an NSOM aperture [3, 4]. Optical pr ...
Use the following answers for questions 10
... (A) temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure (B) temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to 760 mm Hg (C) temperature at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases are all in equilibrium (D) Temperature at which liquid and vapor ph ...
... (A) temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure (B) temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to 760 mm Hg (C) temperature at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases are all in equilibrium (D) Temperature at which liquid and vapor ph ...
Development and validation of stability indicating RP
... The mobile phase used in this study is a mixture of acetonitrile and tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate buffer. Stationary phase was waters symmetry C8 reverse phase column (150×3.9mm, 5µm) dimensions at ambient temperature. The contents of the mobile phase were filtered before use through a 0.45 ...
... The mobile phase used in this study is a mixture of acetonitrile and tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate buffer. Stationary phase was waters symmetry C8 reverse phase column (150×3.9mm, 5µm) dimensions at ambient temperature. The contents of the mobile phase were filtered before use through a 0.45 ...
Laser cooling in thulium-doped solids
... efficiency. This makes them good dopants for optical coolers. Further, cooling efficiency scales inversely with the dopant energy gap used for cooling. For ytterbium this gap is ∼ 1.25 eV and for thulium it is ∼ 0.7 eV. From this basic scaling relation we expect thulium-based coolers to perform near ...
... efficiency. This makes them good dopants for optical coolers. Further, cooling efficiency scales inversely with the dopant energy gap used for cooling. For ytterbium this gap is ∼ 1.25 eV and for thulium it is ∼ 0.7 eV. From this basic scaling relation we expect thulium-based coolers to perform near ...
Bound and Scattering State
... window, you can select the type of the potential well. Take “square well” as an example. The upper window shows the energy levels of the system. Green lines are the allowed energy levels. The red line is the energy level being selected. The purple line represents the potential energy well. You can c ...
... window, you can select the type of the potential well. Take “square well” as an example. The upper window shows the energy levels of the system. Green lines are the allowed energy levels. The red line is the energy level being selected. The purple line represents the potential energy well. You can c ...
The Intermediate Optical System of Laser
... known as the entrance aperture or Fourier plane and defined by the stop in the telecentric plane) must be uniformly filled by a planar wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer resolution. As pointed out above, the BFP diameter of a lens is cl ...
... known as the entrance aperture or Fourier plane and defined by the stop in the telecentric plane) must be uniformly filled by a planar wave. Failing to do so results in a smaller effective NA and hence in a broader spot and in poorer resolution. As pointed out above, the BFP diameter of a lens is cl ...
New approach to pulse propagation in nonlinear
... [7–9]. Although the FDTD method solves the pulse propagation problem with the least approximations, it is relatively time-consuming and is typically useful only for propagation distances shorter than 1 mm. In this paper, we propose a novel intuitive approach for studying propagation of optical pulse ...
... [7–9]. Although the FDTD method solves the pulse propagation problem with the least approximations, it is relatively time-consuming and is typically useful only for propagation distances shorter than 1 mm. In this paper, we propose a novel intuitive approach for studying propagation of optical pulse ...
X-ray fluorescence
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LDAutoXRFPic.jpg?width=300)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.