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Risk Factors and Prevention
Risk Factors and Prevention

... • Understand how some health conditions may increase the risk of abnormal heart rhythms. ...
Pre-Sports Cardiac Evaluation
Pre-Sports Cardiac Evaluation

...  AMA (1998) assessment:  20 states had no guidelines  40% of High School associations did not properly screen (≤ 4/12 of the AHA recommended elements) ...
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... Methods and Results—Three composite outcomes (COs) combining either cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (CO 1), or the preceding plus major secondary end points (unstable angina, stroke, heart failure, pulmonary or peripheral embolism) (CO 2), or the preceding plus minor events requirin ...
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Heart Disease - Leesburg Regional Medical Center

... harder for blood to flow. If a blood clot forms, it can stop the blood flow which can cause a heart attack or stroke. Heart Attack: Occurs when blood flow to part of the heart is severely reduced or cut off completely. Coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with blood, can slowly become na ...
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... intermittent ST-segment elevation), then calcium channel blockers and nitrates should be discontinued for at least 24 hours before coronary angiography so that provocative maneuvers do not result in a false-negative study. The vast majority of patients respond well to nitrates plus a single calcium ...
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
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... Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations state that a person is qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle after PCI if that person “has no clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, thrombosis, or any other cardiovascular disease of a variety kn ...
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... conditions. The epicardial arteries as well has the ability to contract and relax. They are considered to be distributing vessels. The intra mural arteries have the ability to change their wall tension fast, and this is why they are considered to be resistant vessels. In case of coronary artery narr ...
Name_____________________________________ Per_____
Name_____________________________________ Per_____

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... also cause pressure-induced atrophy of adjacent myocardial cells and secrete adipokines that may be injurious to normal myocytes. The high levels of triglycerides in these patients can also cause lipotoxic-induced cell dysfunction.25 Effects of Weight Loss ...
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Coronary artery disease



Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.
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