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Slide 1
Slide 1

... blood along its path • Pressure changes occur when we breath which helps bring venous blood back to the heart • Stationary positioning can decrease flow back to the heart for oxygenation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning ...
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching
A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching

... Heart attacks are three to four times more likely to occur in a cigarette smoker than in a nonsmoker and the smoker's heart attack is more likely to be fatal. The risk of cardiac arrest is ten times greater for male smokers and five times greater for female smokers as it is for nonsmokers. Within o ...
23. Interventions for Clients with Cardiac Problems
23. Interventions for Clients with Cardiac Problems

... term for the inadequacy of the heart to pump blood throughout the body; causes insufficient perfusion of body tissue with vital nutrients and oxygen • Left-sided heart failure • Right-sided heart failure • High-output failure ...
REVISION-of-the
REVISION-of-the

... • AV valves prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. These valves force blood into the ventricles. • SL valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. These valves force the blood to leave the heart. • The opening and closing of the AV and SL valves are responsible for the heart ...
Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Atrioventricular Septal Defect

... Rajput et al. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2014; Chrysostomou et al. Anesth Analg 2008; Munoz et al. Anesth Analg 2008 ...
ECGs of structural heart disease: Part 2
ECGs of structural heart disease: Part 2

... compared to patients with underlying heart disease. In one study, it was found that 94% of patients with complete RBBB and no evidence of cardiovascular disease had good prognoses.(4) RBBB in healthy adults does not result in an increase in mortality due to myocardial infarction, heart failure and a ...
The Clinical Evidence: An Overview of ICD Studies in Primary
The Clinical Evidence: An Overview of ICD Studies in Primary

... The role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in secondary prevention (patients with a history of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), is well established and the medical community is now studying the use of ICDs in primary prevention patients, those pe ...
Blood and Circulation
Blood and Circulation

... Which of the following is/are true of red blood cells? They are similar to donuts in shape. They are formed in bone marrow. They can squeeze between spaces in capillary walls. Both A) and B) are true. ...
Online Casino Directory Website
Online Casino Directory Website

... The RelayClinical™ Digital Animations offer high quality 3−D animations and computer graphics that simplify medical concepts. The Digital Animations complement the RelayClinical™ Patient Education text topics and illustrations. Each digital animation is scientifically accurate and designed to educat ...
Clinical implications of QT internal measurements
Clinical implications of QT internal measurements

... included 30 men without heart diseases. The QT interval was measured on ECG recordings at rest and corrected using Bazett's formula. The median follow-up lasted 20.1 months (range: 1.8-36.7). End points included all cases of deaths; sudden (SM), cardiac (CM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) was evaluat ...
非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗的经验
非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗的经验

... unilateral CEA and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2002 and December 2007 in our heart institute. Perioperative complications including neurological events or major adverse cardiac events were assessed and follow-up was carried out. Results A total of 51 cases of isolated of ...
Distribution of congenital heart disease in Turkey
Distribution of congenital heart disease in Turkey

... pictures were recorded. Cardiac catheterization and invasive procedures were performed with a GE Advantx LC/LP (Oklahoma, USA) when needed. Neonatal patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were not included in this study. ...
Conduction Disturbances
Conduction Disturbances

... system; prolonged ischaemia during heart transplant can also cause sinus node or conduction system damage - medication and reversible ischaemia are often implicated therefore the decision to place a permanent pacemaker should defered until 5-7 days post-operatively - permanent pacing is required in ...
American Heart Association, Arizona Cardinals Preparatory
American Heart Association, Arizona Cardinals Preparatory

... Few attempts at resuscitation are successful if CPR and defibrillation are not provided within minutes of collapse. Coronary heart disease accounts for about 446,000 of the over 864,000 adults who die each year as a result of cardiovascular disease. There are 294,851 emergency medical services-treat ...
What is Heart Failure? - National Forum for Heart Disease and
What is Heart Failure? - National Forum for Heart Disease and

... Heart Failure is a condition that causes the muscle in the heart wall to slowly weaken and enlarge, preventing the heart from pumping enough blood. ...
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left bundle brunch block
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left bundle brunch block

... Premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left bundle brunch block (LBBB), and right bundle branch block (RBBB) are the three cardiac arrhythmias which can lead to or indicate the risk of heart failure. The goal of this research is to suggest an alternative way to diagnosis any potential of arrhythmi ...
If only cardiologists did properly measure blood pressure
If only cardiologists did properly measure blood pressure

... quinapril, respectively) against placebo in patients with coronary artery disease, information regarding BP is either lacking or insufficient, making interpretation of the findings very difficult. Even in some studies in which outcome hinged on lowering BP with antihypertensive therapy, patients in ...
Cardiac Cycle, Output and Sounds of the Heart
Cardiac Cycle, Output and Sounds of the Heart

... • Stroke Volume: The amount of blood pumped out of one ventricle of the heart as the result of a single contraction. • A measure of the effectiveness of ventricular contraction. ...
Control Your Blood Pressure 03 2017[2]
Control Your Blood Pressure 03 2017[2]

... Blood pressure tends to rise with age, unless you take steps to prevent it. Certain medical problems, medications and pregnancy can also raise blood pressure. Aside from older age, there are other specific factors that may put one more at risk, including being African-American, overweight or male; h ...
Ethyl Alcohol andthe Heart
Ethyl Alcohol andthe Heart

... heart disease is more difficult to establish but has been suggested on the basis of a relatively high prevalence in the urban areas of the northeast.5 The duration of alcoholism reported by most authors is usually at least 10 years before cardiac symptoms appear. If a population sample consists pred ...
Circulatory system PPT
Circulatory system PPT

... a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus ...
The Heart
The Heart

... pumps 4000 liters of blood to around 1000000 km of blood vessels. In a day!!! ...
Location of the heart
Location of the heart

... •Adrenaline (epinephrine) ___________________________________ increases rate and strength of heartbeat •High levels of thyroid hormone will speed-up heart •Changes in electrolytes (ion concentrations), especially potassium and calcium ...
Control of the cardiac cycle
Control of the cardiac cycle

... • The sinoatrial node (SAN) (pacemaker) generates electrical activity at regular intervals. This causes the atrial cardiac muscles to contract (atrial systole) • The atrioventricular node (AVN) delays the electrical activity to allow blood to flow into the ventricles. • The Purkyne tissue is a speci ...
The Cardiovascular System And Exercise
The Cardiovascular System And Exercise

... • Afterload: Resistance to flow from increased systolic pressure ...
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Coronary artery disease



Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.
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