Paulo Pinho António Gaspar, Jorge Almeida, Benjamim Marinho
... e introduce the case of a 72-year-old woman referred with exertional dyspnea and chest pain. On clinical examination, a grade III/VI harsh systolic murmur radiating to the neck was audible. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a structure attached to the proximal left ventricular outflow tract (LVO ...
... e introduce the case of a 72-year-old woman referred with exertional dyspnea and chest pain. On clinical examination, a grade III/VI harsh systolic murmur radiating to the neck was audible. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a structure attached to the proximal left ventricular outflow tract (LVO ...
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... unable to take blood thinning medications. Since stroke is the third largest cause of death in atrial fibrillation pa tie nts, the new therapy is a potential life saver. Atrial Fibrillation affects an estimated three mi l lio n people. and patients with this condition are five times more likely to h ...
... unable to take blood thinning medications. Since stroke is the third largest cause of death in atrial fibrillation pa tie nts, the new therapy is a potential life saver. Atrial Fibrillation affects an estimated three mi l lio n people. and patients with this condition are five times more likely to h ...
Blood Circulation
... Diastolic Pressure: (bottom number) -pressure against an artery wall when the heart relaxes. Normal Range ...
... Diastolic Pressure: (bottom number) -pressure against an artery wall when the heart relaxes. Normal Range ...
Answers 2-06
... EKG shows normal voltage, normal axis and atrial fibrillation. Echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles with normal wall thickness and severely decreased systolic fuction (LV EF: 15%). The patient is started on lisinopril, carvedilol, and warfarin. Later in the hospital course, he spontaneously conve ...
... EKG shows normal voltage, normal axis and atrial fibrillation. Echocardiogram shows dilated ventricles with normal wall thickness and severely decreased systolic fuction (LV EF: 15%). The patient is started on lisinopril, carvedilol, and warfarin. Later in the hospital course, he spontaneously conve ...
Document
... Atrial Septal Defects Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) are a group of common (1% of cardiac) congenital anomolies defects occuring in a number of different forms and more often in females. Patent foramen ovale allows a continuation mixing of the atrial blood. Lufukuja G. ...
... Atrial Septal Defects Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) are a group of common (1% of cardiac) congenital anomolies defects occuring in a number of different forms and more often in females. Patent foramen ovale allows a continuation mixing of the atrial blood. Lufukuja G. ...
A&P Chapter 16
... Atrial Systole: Atrial depolarization prompted by depolarization of the SA node. Forces blood into the ventricles (25 mL) over 0.1 seconds. Ventricular Systole: Rising blood pressure in the ventricle triggers isovolumetric contraction, which leaves the volume the same but raises pressure. Vent ...
... Atrial Systole: Atrial depolarization prompted by depolarization of the SA node. Forces blood into the ventricles (25 mL) over 0.1 seconds. Ventricular Systole: Rising blood pressure in the ventricle triggers isovolumetric contraction, which leaves the volume the same but raises pressure. Vent ...
The Anatomy of the Heart
... The heart has four chambers, the right atrium and ventricle with the pulmonary circuit and left atrium and ventricle with the systemic circuit. The left ventricle’s greater workload makes it more massive than the right, but the two pump equal amounts of blood. AV valves prevent backflow from the ven ...
... The heart has four chambers, the right atrium and ventricle with the pulmonary circuit and left atrium and ventricle with the systemic circuit. The left ventricle’s greater workload makes it more massive than the right, but the two pump equal amounts of blood. AV valves prevent backflow from the ven ...
The Heart of the matter!
... electrical activity on their own. These cells leak charged particles into the pathway which produces an electrical impulse that spreads across your heart, causing it to contract. This happens more than once per second to produce a normal heart beat of 72 beats per minute. The electricity at the SA n ...
... electrical activity on their own. These cells leak charged particles into the pathway which produces an electrical impulse that spreads across your heart, causing it to contract. This happens more than once per second to produce a normal heart beat of 72 beats per minute. The electricity at the SA n ...
Sheep Heart Dissection Alternative Assignment
... 3. Take a blank piece of paper and divide it into 3 sections. 4. In one of the sections, draw a large diagram of the external picture. a. It should fill 1/3 of a page b. Drawn in pencil c. Clear, precise lines – no sketches d. Label the 4 chambers of the heart 5. Using the mouse, move the cursor ove ...
... 3. Take a blank piece of paper and divide it into 3 sections. 4. In one of the sections, draw a large diagram of the external picture. a. It should fill 1/3 of a page b. Drawn in pencil c. Clear, precise lines – no sketches d. Label the 4 chambers of the heart 5. Using the mouse, move the cursor ove ...
Anatomy and Electrophysiology of the Heart
... What the ECG Won’t Do • Does not tell how well heart is pumping – Patient must be properly assessed to ensure heart is functioning mechanically ...
... What the ECG Won’t Do • Does not tell how well heart is pumping – Patient must be properly assessed to ensure heart is functioning mechanically ...
Do Now
... artery and deprives myocardial cells of oxygen, causing pain. *many people mistake this for a heart attack - A complete blockage by a blood clot is a myocardial infarction (aka heart attack) ...
... artery and deprives myocardial cells of oxygen, causing pain. *many people mistake this for a heart attack - A complete blockage by a blood clot is a myocardial infarction (aka heart attack) ...
Cardiac Coned
... • If the tissues become sufficiently cut off from the blood flow it dies -> Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) ...
... • If the tissues become sufficiently cut off from the blood flow it dies -> Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) ...
Background
... flow and pulmonary venous return which may have a major haemodynamic impact. Heart transplantation and heart–lung transplantation should be considered when there is no conventional surgical option in patients with poor clinical status IIa C. The symptoms related to protein deficiency (fluid retent ...
... flow and pulmonary venous return which may have a major haemodynamic impact. Heart transplantation and heart–lung transplantation should be considered when there is no conventional surgical option in patients with poor clinical status IIa C. The symptoms related to protein deficiency (fluid retent ...
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery
... • Primary repair; patch sometimes needed • Overall survival 50-80 % ...
... • Primary repair; patch sometimes needed • Overall survival 50-80 % ...
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
... time required for ventricles to undergo single cycle of depolarization & repolarization lengthening of time can indicate conduction problems, coronary ischemia (reduced blood flow to heart muscle) or myocardial damage ...
... time required for ventricles to undergo single cycle of depolarization & repolarization lengthening of time can indicate conduction problems, coronary ischemia (reduced blood flow to heart muscle) or myocardial damage ...
The Fetal Circulation
... arteries. The umbilical arteries arise from the internal iliac arteries. 2. Gas exchange occurs in placenta. 3. Oxygenated blood from the placenta passes through the single umbilical vein and enters the inferior vena cava (IVC). 4. About 50% of the blood in the IVC passes through the liver and the r ...
... arteries. The umbilical arteries arise from the internal iliac arteries. 2. Gas exchange occurs in placenta. 3. Oxygenated blood from the placenta passes through the single umbilical vein and enters the inferior vena cava (IVC). 4. About 50% of the blood in the IVC passes through the liver and the r ...
Cardiovascular system
... as a pacemaker. Cardiac muscle contractions are coordinated. Both sides of the heart contract in unison, first the atria then the ventricles. Non-contractile cardiac cells can initiate and generate action potentials that stimulate contraction of the cardiac muscle cells. Action potentials generated ...
... as a pacemaker. Cardiac muscle contractions are coordinated. Both sides of the heart contract in unison, first the atria then the ventricles. Non-contractile cardiac cells can initiate and generate action potentials that stimulate contraction of the cardiac muscle cells. Action potentials generated ...
File
... o Atherosclerosis is hardening of arteries caused by formation of plaques on inner lining of arteries. Plaques are swollen areas and accumulate debris. Can develop because of high circulating levels of lipids and cholesterol. They reduce speed of which blood moves through vessels. They can trigger a ...
... o Atherosclerosis is hardening of arteries caused by formation of plaques on inner lining of arteries. Plaques are swollen areas and accumulate debris. Can develop because of high circulating levels of lipids and cholesterol. They reduce speed of which blood moves through vessels. They can trigger a ...
Extreme Left Atrial Enlargement
... Left heart catheterization was also performed in patient A.S. by the retrograde aortic technic. Selective left ventricular angiography, which was attempted in order to assess the degree of mitral regurgitation, could not be accomplished, as the catheter was swept into the left atrium during systole. ...
... Left heart catheterization was also performed in patient A.S. by the retrograde aortic technic. Selective left ventricular angiography, which was attempted in order to assess the degree of mitral regurgitation, could not be accomplished, as the catheter was swept into the left atrium during systole. ...
The Human Circulatory System Review
... 50. Explain how the two systems are related. The circulatory system transports O2 and CO2 around the body which it gets from the respiratory system. 51. What would happen if the aorta were blocked? If the aorta were blocked the body would not receive oxygen. Could cause a heart attack. 52. Why is th ...
... 50. Explain how the two systems are related. The circulatory system transports O2 and CO2 around the body which it gets from the respiratory system. 51. What would happen if the aorta were blocked? If the aorta were blocked the body would not receive oxygen. Could cause a heart attack. 52. Why is th ...
File
... deoxygenated blood from the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. ...
... deoxygenated blood from the body. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. ...
Lutembacher's syndrome
Lutembacher's syndrome is a form of congenital heart disease. Lutembacher's syndrome was first described by a French cardiologist by the name of Rene' Lutembacher (1884–1968) of Paris, France in 1916. Lutembacher syndrome is a rare disease that affects one of the chambers of the heart as well as a valve of the heart. Lutembacher's syndrome is known to affect females more often than males. Lutembacher is an extremely rare disease. Lutembacher's can affect children or adults; the person can either be born with the disorder or develop it later in life.Lutembacher affects more specifically the atria of the heart and the mitral or biscupid valve. The disorder itself is known more specifically as both congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) and acquired mitral stenosis (MS). Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small. With the valve being so small, blood has difficulty passing through the left atrium into the left ventricle. There are several types of septal defects that may occur with Lutembacher's syndrome: ASD Ostium Secundum or ASD (Primium); Ostium Secundum is the most prevalent.Lutembacher is caused indirectly as the result of heart damage or disorders and not something that is necessarily infectious. Lutembacher's syndrome is caused by either birth defects where the heart fails to close all holes in the walls between the atria or from an episode of rheumatic fever where damage is done to the heart valves such as the mitral valve and resultant in an opening of heart wall between atria. With Lutembacher's syndrome, a fetus or infant is usually seen to have a hole in their heart wall (interatrial) separating their right and left atria. Normally during fetal development, blood bypasses the lungs and is oxygenated from the placenta. Blood passes from the umbilical cord and flows into the left atrium through an opening called the foramen ovale; the formaen ovale is a hole between the two atria. Once a baby is born and the lungs begin to fill with air and the blood flow of the heart changes, a tissue flap (somewhat like a trap door) called the septum primium closes the foramen ovale or hole between the two atria and becomes part of the atrial wall. The failure of the hole between the two atria to close after birth leads to a disorder called ASD primium. The most common problems with an opening found in the heart with Lutembacher's syndrome is Ostium Secundum. Ostium Secundum is a hole that is found within the flap of tissue (septum primium) that will eventually close the hole between the two atria after birth. With either type of ASD, ASD will usually cause the blood flow from the right atrium to skip going to the right ventricle and instead flow to the left atrium. If mitral stenosis (the hardening of flap of tissue known as a valve which opens and closes between the left atrium and ventricle to control blood flow) is also present, blood will flow into the right atrium through the hole between the atria wall instead of flowing into the left ventricle and systemic circulation. Eventually this leads to other problems such as the right ventricle failing and a reduced blood flow to the left ventricle.In addition to the ASD, acquired MS can be present either from an episode of rheumatic fever (the mother has or had rheumatic fever during the pregnancy) or the child being born with the disorder (congenital MS). With the combination of both ASD and MS, the heart can be under severe strain as it tries to move blood throughout the heart and lungs. To correct Lutembacher's syndrome, surgery is often done. There are several types of surgeries depending on the cause of Lutembacher's syndrome(ASD Primium or ASD Ostium Secundum with Mitral Stenosis): Suturing (stitching) or placing a patch of tissue (similar to skin grafting) over the hole to completely close the opening Reconstructing of the mitral and tricuspid valve while patching any holes in the heart Device closure of ASD (e.g. Amplatzer umbrella or CardioSEAL to seal the hole Percutaneous transcatheter therapy Transcatheter therapy of balloon valvuloplasty to correct MS↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 ↑ ↑ ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 ↑