second-messenger systems underlying amine and pepttde actions
... by a number of amines and peptides present in the nervous system of this animal (for a review, see Watson & Augustine, 1982). Amines, which include octopamine (OCT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), act on multiple cellular targets within the cardiac ganglion/cardiac muscle ...
... by a number of amines and peptides present in the nervous system of this animal (for a review, see Watson & Augustine, 1982). Amines, which include octopamine (OCT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), act on multiple cellular targets within the cardiac ganglion/cardiac muscle ...
Renal Resistive Index and Cardiovascular and
... from among those attending the outpatient clinic. In our laboratory (the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center), all of the hypertensive patients attended the renal sonographic laboratory, and renal sonographic data were routinely collected. Exclusion criteria included ischemic heart disease, ...
... from among those attending the outpatient clinic. In our laboratory (the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center), all of the hypertensive patients attended the renal sonographic laboratory, and renal sonographic data were routinely collected. Exclusion criteria included ischemic heart disease, ...
Caffeine and Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Review of the Evidence
... 1985 study in 18 patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVC) and 18 controls found that when patients were given caffeine at a dose of 1 mg/kg each half-life for a 24-hour period, those with frequent PVCs at baseline had an increase in the number of PVC/hour from 207 ⫾ 350 PVC/hour ...
... 1985 study in 18 patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVC) and 18 controls found that when patients were given caffeine at a dose of 1 mg/kg each half-life for a 24-hour period, those with frequent PVCs at baseline had an increase in the number of PVC/hour from 207 ⫾ 350 PVC/hour ...
The Comparative Efficacy and Safety of the Angiotensin Receptor
... involved in this pathway include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone antagonists and direct renin inhibitors. The interest in this pathway is due to the action of angiotensin II on the vascular system, renal sodium and water handling, and cellular proliferation [11]. ...
... involved in this pathway include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone antagonists and direct renin inhibitors. The interest in this pathway is due to the action of angiotensin II on the vascular system, renal sodium and water handling, and cellular proliferation [11]. ...
Rhythm management devices
... (1820). It had 3 pertinent features: a bellows to give forced ventilation, a metallic tube to be inserted into the esophagus and a voltaic pile attached at one pole to the esophageal tube and at the other to an electrode. The electrode was to be successively touched to “the regions of the heart, the ...
... (1820). It had 3 pertinent features: a bellows to give forced ventilation, a metallic tube to be inserted into the esophagus and a voltaic pile attached at one pole to the esophageal tube and at the other to an electrode. The electrode was to be successively touched to “the regions of the heart, the ...
Right Bundle Branch Block
... heart muscle drops below the point where it does not get an adequate supply of oxygen, then the heart tissue is said to be ischemic. In general, a tissue is ischemic when it does not receive enough oxygen to maintain aerobic respiration. If this anaerobic respiration continues for more than a few mi ...
... heart muscle drops below the point where it does not get an adequate supply of oxygen, then the heart tissue is said to be ischemic. In general, a tissue is ischemic when it does not receive enough oxygen to maintain aerobic respiration. If this anaerobic respiration continues for more than a few mi ...
ECG in Ventricular arrhythmias
... benign, they’re potentially deadly because the ventricles are ultimately responsible for cardiac output. ...
... benign, they’re potentially deadly because the ventricles are ultimately responsible for cardiac output. ...
Diagnostic Characteristics of Clozapine
... Elevated CK-MB levels (≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal) Evolutionary electrocardiographic changes (involving ≥ 1 mm ST segment depression or T wave inversion in 2 or more contiguous leads, excluding lead aVR) consistent with myocarditis, with no other obvious cause Chest X-ray evi ...
... Elevated CK-MB levels (≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal) Evolutionary electrocardiographic changes (involving ≥ 1 mm ST segment depression or T wave inversion in 2 or more contiguous leads, excluding lead aVR) consistent with myocarditis, with no other obvious cause Chest X-ray evi ...
Similarity Measurement Technique Of Two ECG Signals
... distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to greater insight into a patient’s cardiac pathophysiology [1] [2]. An ECG can also be defined as a time varying signal reflecting the ionic current flow which causes the cardiac fibers to contract and subsequently relax. An Electrocardiogram signal ...
... distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to greater insight into a patient’s cardiac pathophysiology [1] [2]. An ECG can also be defined as a time varying signal reflecting the ionic current flow which causes the cardiac fibers to contract and subsequently relax. An Electrocardiogram signal ...
Systematization and clinical study of `dextroversion, mirror
... which indicate variations of potential of the position of the ventricles, and associated mal'left atrium', the electrodes corresponding to formations. A biplane angiocardiogram is essential for these leads being oriented towards this cavity (Sodi Pallares et al., I959); these investigating the last ...
... which indicate variations of potential of the position of the ventricles, and associated mal'left atrium', the electrodes corresponding to formations. A biplane angiocardiogram is essential for these leads being oriented towards this cavity (Sodi Pallares et al., I959); these investigating the last ...
Survival Associated with Two Sets of Diagnostic Criteria
... The mean age at CHF diagnosis was 80 years, and approximately 50 percent of participants with CHF were female and 85 percent were Caucasian. At their incident event, 31 percent fulfilled only the Framingham criteria for CHF, 15 percent fulfilled only the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, and 54 ...
... The mean age at CHF diagnosis was 80 years, and approximately 50 percent of participants with CHF were female and 85 percent were Caucasian. At their incident event, 31 percent fulfilled only the Framingham criteria for CHF, 15 percent fulfilled only the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, and 54 ...
Retrospective Review of the Frequency of ECG Changes in
... Diseases, Ninth Revision code 2767) and admission between January 1, 2004, and March 31, 2005. Cases selected for inclusion were required to have a documented serum or plasma potassium concentration ⬎6.0 with a coincident ECG (recorded within 1 h of laboratory draw and before therapy). Exclusion cri ...
... Diseases, Ninth Revision code 2767) and admission between January 1, 2004, and March 31, 2005. Cases selected for inclusion were required to have a documented serum or plasma potassium concentration ⬎6.0 with a coincident ECG (recorded within 1 h of laboratory draw and before therapy). Exclusion cri ...
Congenital abnormalities of aortic artery. Assessment in neonates
... minor arch is atresic, the fibrous cord generally appears distal to the appearance of left subclavian artery. In these cases, it can sometimes be misinterpreted as an aortic arch to the right; however, the sign of the four vessels is usually seen. On the other hand, on the atresic side, a small perm ...
... minor arch is atresic, the fibrous cord generally appears distal to the appearance of left subclavian artery. In these cases, it can sometimes be misinterpreted as an aortic arch to the right; however, the sign of the four vessels is usually seen. On the other hand, on the atresic side, a small perm ...
Venous excess: a new approach to cardiovascular control and its
... The output of the heart is largely determined by factors that depend on the venous side of the circulation. No one could reasonably quarrel with such a statement, established originally by Starling’s classic experiments (15, 17, 30) and later confirmed in numerous laboratories all over the world. If ...
... The output of the heart is largely determined by factors that depend on the venous side of the circulation. No one could reasonably quarrel with such a statement, established originally by Starling’s classic experiments (15, 17, 30) and later confirmed in numerous laboratories all over the world. If ...
Analog Dialogue 46-11, November (2012)
... All pacing leads have two electrodes, with the location of the electrodes determining the polarity of the signal. In unipolar pacing, the pacing leads consist of an electrode at the tip of a single pacing lead and the metal wall of the pacemaker housing (can) itself, so just one lead is inserted int ...
... All pacing leads have two electrodes, with the location of the electrodes determining the polarity of the signal. In unipolar pacing, the pacing leads consist of an electrode at the tip of a single pacing lead and the metal wall of the pacemaker housing (can) itself, so just one lead is inserted int ...
Cardiac Function in Heart Failure: The Role of Calcium Cycling
... calcium induced control of myocardial contractility. Stretch also affects calcium sensitivity and force development [35]. This is part of the explanation for the Frank–Starling mechanism [36], which may be affected by stretch activated calcium channels. In addition to troponin C, there are several o ...
... calcium induced control of myocardial contractility. Stretch also affects calcium sensitivity and force development [35]. This is part of the explanation for the Frank–Starling mechanism [36], which may be affected by stretch activated calcium channels. In addition to troponin C, there are several o ...
Cardiac Function in Heart Failure: The Role of Calcium
... calcium induced control of myocardial contractility. Stretch also affects calcium sensitivity and force development [35]. This is part of the explanation for the Frank–Starling mechanism [36], which may be affected by stretch activated calcium channels. In addition to troponin C, there are several o ...
... calcium induced control of myocardial contractility. Stretch also affects calcium sensitivity and force development [35]. This is part of the explanation for the Frank–Starling mechanism [36], which may be affected by stretch activated calcium channels. In addition to troponin C, there are several o ...
neonatal asphyxia
... 2.The nonstress test (NTS) - is based on principle that fetal activity results in a reflex acceleration in fetal heart rate. The required fetal maturity is typically reached by about 32 weeks of gestation. Absence of these accelerations in a fetus who previously demonstrate them may indicate that hy ...
... 2.The nonstress test (NTS) - is based on principle that fetal activity results in a reflex acceleration in fetal heart rate. The required fetal maturity is typically reached by about 32 weeks of gestation. Absence of these accelerations in a fetus who previously demonstrate them may indicate that hy ...
Cardiac Auscultation: Rediscovering the Lost Art
... diagnostic laboratory tests1 (Fig 1). In the past, the stethoscope was considered the time-honored badge of the medical profession, but times and fashions change. In this age of increasing technologic sophistication, the stethoscope has become the forgotten instrument in cardiology.2 Although often ...
... diagnostic laboratory tests1 (Fig 1). In the past, the stethoscope was considered the time-honored badge of the medical profession, but times and fashions change. In this age of increasing technologic sophistication, the stethoscope has become the forgotten instrument in cardiology.2 Although often ...
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiopulmonary
... tricuspid valve, minimizing the amount of recirculation (6). Placement is typically accomplished under fluoroscopic or transesophageal echocardiographic guidance (14). For patients in whom mobilization is anticipated, particularly those awaiting transplantation whose candidacy depends in part on thei ...
... tricuspid valve, minimizing the amount of recirculation (6). Placement is typically accomplished under fluoroscopic or transesophageal echocardiographic guidance (14). For patients in whom mobilization is anticipated, particularly those awaiting transplantation whose candidacy depends in part on thei ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.