Persistent left superior vena cava: a case report and review of
... persists to form coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium. During the 8th week of gestation, an anastomosis forms between right and left superior cardinal veins resulting in the innominate (or brachiocephalic) vein. The cephalic portion of superior cardinal veins form the internal jugular vein ...
... persists to form coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium. During the 8th week of gestation, an anastomosis forms between right and left superior cardinal veins resulting in the innominate (or brachiocephalic) vein. The cephalic portion of superior cardinal veins form the internal jugular vein ...
Ecg And Heart Blocks By Dr Amna Tahir
... moves.if the wave of depolarization in the heart moves towards the positive electrode an upward deflection occurs but if wave of depolarization moves away towards negative electrode then a downward deflection is produced.the needle stays at neutral point and paper displays an isoelectric line when t ...
... moves.if the wave of depolarization in the heart moves towards the positive electrode an upward deflection occurs but if wave of depolarization moves away towards negative electrode then a downward deflection is produced.the needle stays at neutral point and paper displays an isoelectric line when t ...
Mitral Valve Prolapse
... Though Mitral Valve Prolapse is usually not serious, it may be accompanied by various minor symptoms, such as shortness of breath, tiredness, heart palpitations, chest pains, dizziness, headaches, and insomnia. ...
... Though Mitral Valve Prolapse is usually not serious, it may be accompanied by various minor symptoms, such as shortness of breath, tiredness, heart palpitations, chest pains, dizziness, headaches, and insomnia. ...
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Case Report and
... persists to form coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium. During the 8th week of gestation, an anastomosis forms between right and left superior cardinal veins resulting in the innominate (or brachiocephalic) vein. The cephalic portion of superior cardinal veins form the internal jugular vein ...
... persists to form coronary sinus and oblique vein of left atrium. During the 8th week of gestation, an anastomosis forms between right and left superior cardinal veins resulting in the innominate (or brachiocephalic) vein. The cephalic portion of superior cardinal veins form the internal jugular vein ...
Electrocardiogram Interpretation
... In setting of MI, data suggests that an invasive approach has better outcomes (may have Printzmetal’s) Beware of pericarditis, early repolarization, LVH • ST depression (subendocardial ischemia) In the setting of MI, this can be treated with anticoagulants unless hypotensive or not resolving with tr ...
... In setting of MI, data suggests that an invasive approach has better outcomes (may have Printzmetal’s) Beware of pericarditis, early repolarization, LVH • ST depression (subendocardial ischemia) In the setting of MI, this can be treated with anticoagulants unless hypotensive or not resolving with tr ...
The Truth and Consequences of the COURAGE Trial
... 32). The DES (compared with BMS) has provided a marked reduction in both clinical as well as angiographic (70% to 80% relative reduction) restenosis, with no significant differences observed in the occurrences of death or nonfatal MI (3,30 –32). Freedom from clinically driven repeat revascularizatio ...
... 32). The DES (compared with BMS) has provided a marked reduction in both clinical as well as angiographic (70% to 80% relative reduction) restenosis, with no significant differences observed in the occurrences of death or nonfatal MI (3,30 –32). Freedom from clinically driven repeat revascularizatio ...
Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution
... It is not yet clear, for instance, whether the asthma exacerbations occurring in many females during the premenstrual period are due to objectively measurable intensification of the disease or to the increased perception of symptoms caused by the particular psychological state before menstruation [2 ...
... It is not yet clear, for instance, whether the asthma exacerbations occurring in many females during the premenstrual period are due to objectively measurable intensification of the disease or to the increased perception of symptoms caused by the particular psychological state before menstruation [2 ...
Read booklet - Heart Rhythm Alliance
... diagnosis difficult; often AF is not apparent until a person goes to see their doctor with a serious complication such as stroke, a blood clot in the leg or heart failure. Yet even patients who do experience symptoms of AF are not always diagnosed immediately. In a recent international survey, there w ...
... diagnosis difficult; often AF is not apparent until a person goes to see their doctor with a serious complication such as stroke, a blood clot in the leg or heart failure. Yet even patients who do experience symptoms of AF are not always diagnosed immediately. In a recent international survey, there w ...
Simplified 2D Bidomain Model of Whole Heart Electrical Activity and
... two-dimensional (2D) model of cardiac electrical activity that can generate spontaneous periodic activation within the sinoatrial node (SAN) and can reproduce a realistic surface electrocardiogram (ECG) on the torso. The model can be used as a basis for quick and reliable a priori formulation, testi ...
... two-dimensional (2D) model of cardiac electrical activity that can generate spontaneous periodic activation within the sinoatrial node (SAN) and can reproduce a realistic surface electrocardiogram (ECG) on the torso. The model can be used as a basis for quick and reliable a priori formulation, testi ...
Tetralogy of Fallot: The evolution of congenital heart surgery
... the chest cavity without collapsing the lungs was an obstacle solved in 1900 with the advent of closed positive pressure ventilation.7 Many surgeons were discouraged from pursuing cardiac repairs due to poor success rates.7 Children with cyanotic heart disease had no other treatment option. Postmort ...
... the chest cavity without collapsing the lungs was an obstacle solved in 1900 with the advent of closed positive pressure ventilation.7 Many surgeons were discouraged from pursuing cardiac repairs due to poor success rates.7 Children with cyanotic heart disease had no other treatment option. Postmort ...
Left Ventricle Remodeling for Patients with Heart Failure and
... performance Index (MPI), Left ventricle mass index (LVMI ), Posterior wall thickness at diastole ( PWTd), Relative wall thickness ( RWT) and Interventricular septum thickness at diastole (IVSTd). Results: results of remodeling have shown nine patients expressed concentric hypertrophy, thirty seven p ...
... performance Index (MPI), Left ventricle mass index (LVMI ), Posterior wall thickness at diastole ( PWTd), Relative wall thickness ( RWT) and Interventricular septum thickness at diastole (IVSTd). Results: results of remodeling have shown nine patients expressed concentric hypertrophy, thirty seven p ...
Cardiac Cycle: End Systole
... – Supine: End-diast. volume is increased-> increased stroke-volume • Any outflow murmur that is dependent the amount of flow will be louder supine ...
... – Supine: End-diast. volume is increased-> increased stroke-volume • Any outflow murmur that is dependent the amount of flow will be louder supine ...
Atrial Fibrillation
... Watchman • Granted FDA approvalThe WATCHMAN Device is indicated to reduce the risk of thromboembolism from the left atrial appendage in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who: – Are at increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism based on CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores and are recomme ...
... Watchman • Granted FDA approvalThe WATCHMAN Device is indicated to reduce the risk of thromboembolism from the left atrial appendage in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who: – Are at increased risk for stroke and systemic embolism based on CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores and are recomme ...
the study of the effect of sounds of constant frequency
... Temporary high intensity sound exposure produces readily reversible physiologic changes. However, noise exposure of sufficient intensity, duration, and unpredictability provokes changes that may not be so readily reversible. The studies that have been done on the effects of environmental noise have ...
... Temporary high intensity sound exposure produces readily reversible physiologic changes. However, noise exposure of sufficient intensity, duration, and unpredictability provokes changes that may not be so readily reversible. The studies that have been done on the effects of environmental noise have ...
THE CARDIAC CYCLE
... blood from the contracted ventricles immediately push blood back toward the ventricles, which snaps the aortic and pulmonary valves closed. For another 0.03 to 0.06 second, the ventricular muscle continues to relax, even though the ventricular volume does not change, giving rise to the period of Is ...
... blood from the contracted ventricles immediately push blood back toward the ventricles, which snaps the aortic and pulmonary valves closed. For another 0.03 to 0.06 second, the ventricular muscle continues to relax, even though the ventricular volume does not change, giving rise to the period of Is ...
Step by step guide for Synchronised DC Cardioversion
... The reason to synchronise this is to prevent a shock occurring during repolarisation of ventricles in the T wave, which can lead to Ventricular Fibrillation. ...
... The reason to synchronise this is to prevent a shock occurring during repolarisation of ventricles in the T wave, which can lead to Ventricular Fibrillation. ...
TCT 27th Annual Scientific Symposium TCT 27th Annual
... The three primary endpoints were: safety at 1 month (composite of all-cause death, recurrent MI, unplanned infarct-related artery revascularisation, stroke, definite stent thrombosis or major bleeding); efficacy at 6 months (in-stent late loss) and safety/efficacy at 12 months (target vessel failure ...
... The three primary endpoints were: safety at 1 month (composite of all-cause death, recurrent MI, unplanned infarct-related artery revascularisation, stroke, definite stent thrombosis or major bleeding); efficacy at 6 months (in-stent late loss) and safety/efficacy at 12 months (target vessel failure ...
Lecture 3 + 4 - Cardiac Cycle (2012).
... SYSTOLE Isovolumetric contraction: The left ventricle begins to contract, at this stage the pressure in the ventricles is slightly above 02mm Hg. As the intra-ventricular pressure rises, it pushes the cusps of the A-V valve up and the A-V orifices are closed. The pressure in the ventricular cavities ...
... SYSTOLE Isovolumetric contraction: The left ventricle begins to contract, at this stage the pressure in the ventricles is slightly above 02mm Hg. As the intra-ventricular pressure rises, it pushes the cusps of the A-V valve up and the A-V orifices are closed. The pressure in the ventricular cavities ...
Revision Notes on Cardiovascular Examination: 1. On approaching
... A. Temporary: BT shunt( to allow for pulmonary blood flow, encourage deviation ofpulmonary tree ) PA banding ( prevent overloading of thepulmonary circulation pending repair of large VSD ) Atrial septostomy ( transposition of great arteries ) ...
... A. Temporary: BT shunt( to allow for pulmonary blood flow, encourage deviation ofpulmonary tree ) PA banding ( prevent overloading of thepulmonary circulation pending repair of large VSD ) Atrial septostomy ( transposition of great arteries ) ...
The right ventricle in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial
... a method of treatment in advanced CHF. It involves simultaneous stimulation of the RV and the LV. CRT is well established in patients with sinus rhythm. According to current guidelines it may be also used in patients with permanent AF (IIb/C) [16]. Patients responding to the CRT experience improveme ...
... a method of treatment in advanced CHF. It involves simultaneous stimulation of the RV and the LV. CRT is well established in patients with sinus rhythm. According to current guidelines it may be also used in patients with permanent AF (IIb/C) [16]. Patients responding to the CRT experience improveme ...
National Waiting Times Centre NHS Board
... A major component of the service is elective and comprehensive assessment of patients from all over Scotland. Patients attend over a period of days and are offered free accommodation if they live a distance from Clydebank in the adjoining Beardmore Hotel. An individualised series of investigations c ...
... A major component of the service is elective and comprehensive assessment of patients from all over Scotland. Patients attend over a period of days and are offered free accommodation if they live a distance from Clydebank in the adjoining Beardmore Hotel. An individualised series of investigations c ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.