Trisomy 18 Facts
... Trisomy 18 syndrome is a disorder of human chromosomes which occurs in approximately 1 in 7,000 live born infants. Trisomy refers to three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two and in trisomy 18 there is a presence of an extra #18 chromosome. Over 90% of infants with Trisomy 18 syndrome w ...
... Trisomy 18 syndrome is a disorder of human chromosomes which occurs in approximately 1 in 7,000 live born infants. Trisomy refers to three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two and in trisomy 18 there is a presence of an extra #18 chromosome. Over 90% of infants with Trisomy 18 syndrome w ...
Cardiac Auscultation 101 - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... should not be to long as sounds attenuate in the longer tubing. The earpieces should fit comfortably without entering the ear canals. Beware of oversized air-pillow type earpieces that collapse in your ears and actually dampen your ability to hear. A properly fitted stethoscope is real important to ...
... should not be to long as sounds attenuate in the longer tubing. The earpieces should fit comfortably without entering the ear canals. Beware of oversized air-pillow type earpieces that collapse in your ears and actually dampen your ability to hear. A properly fitted stethoscope is real important to ...
The Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Guidelines
... compressions not only occur later in the BLS sequence but also are frequently delayed further while the rescuer attends to the airway (retrieving a barrier device or other airway/ventilation equipment and while opening the airway and giving rescue breaths). However, even with the change to C-A-B, th ...
... compressions not only occur later in the BLS sequence but also are frequently delayed further while the rescuer attends to the airway (retrieving a barrier device or other airway/ventilation equipment and while opening the airway and giving rescue breaths). However, even with the change to C-A-B, th ...
Thrombosis-and
... •most common inherited form of hypercoagulability •present in 5% of Caucasians •mutant factor V resistant to protein C inactivation ...
... •most common inherited form of hypercoagulability •present in 5% of Caucasians •mutant factor V resistant to protein C inactivation ...
A5 Ventricular Arrhythmia
... • PVCs are markers for increased mortality meaning the more a patient has the higher the risk of sudden cardiac death • Pharmacological suppression of these have not been proven to reduce sudden death Non-sustained VT (NSVT) 6 ★ Three or more repetitive ventricular beats in a row lasting ≤ 30 second ...
... • PVCs are markers for increased mortality meaning the more a patient has the higher the risk of sudden cardiac death • Pharmacological suppression of these have not been proven to reduce sudden death Non-sustained VT (NSVT) 6 ★ Three or more repetitive ventricular beats in a row lasting ≤ 30 second ...
Anesthesia for the patient with congenital heart disease
... consider a number of factors that make it difficult to compare the patient populations. The first factor to consider is the type of CHD, as it is difficult to compare simple left-to-right shunt lesions with shunted single ventricle lesions. In addition, there are differences in relative haemodynamic ...
... consider a number of factors that make it difficult to compare the patient populations. The first factor to consider is the type of CHD, as it is difficult to compare simple left-to-right shunt lesions with shunted single ventricle lesions. In addition, there are differences in relative haemodynamic ...
Palliative Care for Advanced Heart Failure: An Overview
... IV, has shown the benefits from ACEI not only on reduction in mortality and hospital admissions, but also on improvement on symptoms and functional capacities. ACEI should be initiated at a low dose, and doubled slowly, with careful monitoring of renal function and blood pressure. Pre-existing renal ...
... IV, has shown the benefits from ACEI not only on reduction in mortality and hospital admissions, but also on improvement on symptoms and functional capacities. ACEI should be initiated at a low dose, and doubled slowly, with careful monitoring of renal function and blood pressure. Pre-existing renal ...
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava With Absent Right Superior
... anomaly with only a handful of cases reported to date. The first case of PLSVC with absent RSVC was reported in 1862.5 To the best of our knowledge, this is probably the first case of absent RSVC, PLSVC with congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, being reported from New Zealand. Whether or not this ass ...
... anomaly with only a handful of cases reported to date. The first case of PLSVC with absent RSVC was reported in 1862.5 To the best of our knowledge, this is probably the first case of absent RSVC, PLSVC with congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, being reported from New Zealand. Whether or not this ass ...
Ch 15: Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure
... Figure 18. Junctional rhythm. Impulses originate in the AV node or AV junctional tissue, with retrograde and antegrade transmission. In this example, retrograde transmission is taking place into the atria, giving an inverted P wave. The ventricular rate is slower than with sinus rhythm and the QRS ...
... Figure 18. Junctional rhythm. Impulses originate in the AV node or AV junctional tissue, with retrograde and antegrade transmission. In this example, retrograde transmission is taking place into the atria, giving an inverted P wave. The ventricular rate is slower than with sinus rhythm and the QRS ...
Development Of A Model Left Ventricle With Physiologic
... In recent years we have studied the hemodynamic effects of surgical corrections of mitral valve prolapse both computationally and experimentally [1-3]. Our experimental tests were performed with a simplified-geometry, steady-flow hydraulic bench, with mitral valves of porcine origin, in which the or ...
... In recent years we have studied the hemodynamic effects of surgical corrections of mitral valve prolapse both computationally and experimentally [1-3]. Our experimental tests were performed with a simplified-geometry, steady-flow hydraulic bench, with mitral valves of porcine origin, in which the or ...
Autoregulation of cardiac output is overcome by adrenergic
... Cardiac output, the product of heart rate and stroke volume, delivers oxygen to respiring cells and must be adjusted as metabolic requirements change. In most vertebrates, with the exception of some fish (Farrell, 1991), periods of heightened activity are accompanied by increased heart rate, whilst ...
... Cardiac output, the product of heart rate and stroke volume, delivers oxygen to respiring cells and must be adjusted as metabolic requirements change. In most vertebrates, with the exception of some fish (Farrell, 1991), periods of heightened activity are accompanied by increased heart rate, whilst ...
I. Blood Chemistries
... heart *When left ventricle is distended and stretched due to CHF exacerbation BNP is released into circulation Inhibits the release of renin by kidneys which promotes water and sodium loss as well as increases glomerular filtration rate (Body’s own ACE inhibitor!) ...
... heart *When left ventricle is distended and stretched due to CHF exacerbation BNP is released into circulation Inhibits the release of renin by kidneys which promotes water and sodium loss as well as increases glomerular filtration rate (Body’s own ACE inhibitor!) ...
Swann Ganz Catheterisation and Cardiac Outputs
... How many injections do we give? What gives us a standard of consistency, what is the variability between measurements allowed? What causes variability? What are the advantages of this technique? ...
... How many injections do we give? What gives us a standard of consistency, what is the variability between measurements allowed? What causes variability? What are the advantages of this technique? ...
Embryology - Conotruncal development
... of conotruncal septum. Abnormal conal rotation takes place Mal rotation of trunco-bulbar ridges causes misalignment of septum and straddling of aorta over VSD Another mechanism-hypoplasia and under development of the pulmonary infundibulum causes infundibular hypoplasia. ...
... of conotruncal septum. Abnormal conal rotation takes place Mal rotation of trunco-bulbar ridges causes misalignment of septum and straddling of aorta over VSD Another mechanism-hypoplasia and under development of the pulmonary infundibulum causes infundibular hypoplasia. ...
The Right Ventricle: A Comprehensive Review From Anatomy
... muscle to bring it blood. The blood supply of the RV differs according to the predominance of the coronary system. In a right-dominant system, found in about 80% of the population, the RCA supplies most of the RV. The lateral wall of the RV is supplied by the marginal branches of the RV, while the p ...
... muscle to bring it blood. The blood supply of the RV differs according to the predominance of the coronary system. In a right-dominant system, found in about 80% of the population, the RCA supplies most of the RV. The lateral wall of the RV is supplied by the marginal branches of the RV, while the p ...
Experimental study on the function of cardiomyocytes
... endothelial NO synthase through a series of reactions. NO can then activate Gc, increase the level of cGMP and relax the smooth muscle. Moreover, it has been found that nitric oxide participates in every phase of ischemic preconditioning as a signal transfer molecule under ischemic/reperfusion condi ...
... endothelial NO synthase through a series of reactions. NO can then activate Gc, increase the level of cGMP and relax the smooth muscle. Moreover, it has been found that nitric oxide participates in every phase of ischemic preconditioning as a signal transfer molecule under ischemic/reperfusion condi ...
Congenital Heart Defects in Adulthood
... reported that 20 years postoperatively, only 40% of patients are in sinus rhythm (e10). Symptoms of arrhythmia, heart failure, and documented arrhythmias in the patient’s medical history have been identified as a predictor for sudden cardiac death, whereas findings from resting ECG and Holter-ECG mo ...
... reported that 20 years postoperatively, only 40% of patients are in sinus rhythm (e10). Symptoms of arrhythmia, heart failure, and documented arrhythmias in the patient’s medical history have been identified as a predictor for sudden cardiac death, whereas findings from resting ECG and Holter-ECG mo ...
Survival responses and cardiac control
... node. Describe how the spread of this wave of electrical activity results in (i) ...
... node. Describe how the spread of this wave of electrical activity results in (i) ...
Cardiovascular Module
... • each mm between the thin horizontal lines (voltage calibration lines) equals 0.1 mV. In other words, the thick horizontal lines calibrated at 5 mm intervals. • The vertical lines are time calibration lines in which duration of each small square (1mm) equals 0.04 second, each large square (5 small ...
... • each mm between the thin horizontal lines (voltage calibration lines) equals 0.1 mV. In other words, the thick horizontal lines calibrated at 5 mm intervals. • The vertical lines are time calibration lines in which duration of each small square (1mm) equals 0.04 second, each large square (5 small ...
Chapter 13: Blood, Heart and Circulation
... Capillaries are made of only endothelial cells Arteries and veins have 3 layers called tunica externa, media, and interna Externa is connective tissue Media is mostly smooth muscle Interna is made of endothelium, ________________________, and elastin Although have same basic elements, ar ...
... Capillaries are made of only endothelial cells Arteries and veins have 3 layers called tunica externa, media, and interna Externa is connective tissue Media is mostly smooth muscle Interna is made of endothelium, ________________________, and elastin Although have same basic elements, ar ...
Peritoneal ultrafiltration in end
... side effects are the same as for standard PD, including catheter related infections and mechanical problems (fluid leaks), but they are much more rare with 1 or 2 exchanges per day [23, 28, 29, 32–34]. The use of 1 instead of 4 peritoneal exchanges reduced significantly the risk of peritonitis and e ...
... side effects are the same as for standard PD, including catheter related infections and mechanical problems (fluid leaks), but they are much more rare with 1 or 2 exchanges per day [23, 28, 29, 32–34]. The use of 1 instead of 4 peritoneal exchanges reduced significantly the risk of peritonitis and e ...
the normal ecg in childhood and adolescence
... the mean frontal QRS axis will be around 65–70˚with a range from 0–110˚. The amplitude of R waves in the right precordial leads of normal children decreases with age while the amplitude increases in the left precordial leads. Similar but inverse changes occur in respect of the S wave amplitude. Ther ...
... the mean frontal QRS axis will be around 65–70˚with a range from 0–110˚. The amplitude of R waves in the right precordial leads of normal children decreases with age while the amplitude increases in the left precordial leads. Similar but inverse changes occur in respect of the S wave amplitude. Ther ...
Chapter 11 ppt - Fillmore Central Schools
... • Decline in pumping efficiency of heart • Inadequate circulation • Progressive, also coronary atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and history of multiple Myocardial Infarctions • Left side fails = pulmonary congestion and suffocation • Right side fails = peripheral congestion and edema ...
... • Decline in pumping efficiency of heart • Inadequate circulation • Progressive, also coronary atherosclerosis, high blood pressure and history of multiple Myocardial Infarctions • Left side fails = pulmonary congestion and suffocation • Right side fails = peripheral congestion and edema ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.