130814-ae-FINAL-Beta blockers-Page 1
... painful. This is called Raynaud’s phenomenon and may be an indication to stop the beta blocker. ...
... painful. This is called Raynaud’s phenomenon and may be an indication to stop the beta blocker. ...
Mechanical Circulatory Support
... receiving mechanical circulatory support devices. This compendium does not replace a textbook, but intends to provide an outline of essential topics and aims to assist with detailed review. This should be of benefit for both seasoned clinicians and current trainees. The former may find selective rev ...
... receiving mechanical circulatory support devices. This compendium does not replace a textbook, but intends to provide an outline of essential topics and aims to assist with detailed review. This should be of benefit for both seasoned clinicians and current trainees. The former may find selective rev ...
Chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia
... complexes vary in form from beat to beat. One type is known as Torsades de Pointe because of progressive and cyclical twisting in the electrical axis of each complex. This form of ventricular tachycardia is often self-terminating, but also particularly likely to deteriorate into ventricular fibrilla ...
... complexes vary in form from beat to beat. One type is known as Torsades de Pointe because of progressive and cyclical twisting in the electrical axis of each complex. This form of ventricular tachycardia is often self-terminating, but also particularly likely to deteriorate into ventricular fibrilla ...
Aging and Organ Systems
... Fatigue is the reduced ability of the muscle to achieve the same level of force output Endurance is the ability to sustain a force (approx. 50%) for a period of time Clinically endurance and fatigue are used synonymously – If a patient muscle fatigues, then endurance is reduced. – If a patients endu ...
... Fatigue is the reduced ability of the muscle to achieve the same level of force output Endurance is the ability to sustain a force (approx. 50%) for a period of time Clinically endurance and fatigue are used synonymously – If a patient muscle fatigues, then endurance is reduced. – If a patients endu ...
17atherosclerosis
... c. Use two or more strategies for patients who do not meet treatment goals. d. all of the above 10. Regarding combination therapy, all of the following statements are true except: a. Atorvastatin plus fenofibrate has been shown to significantly reduce the 10-year probability of myocardial infarction ...
... c. Use two or more strategies for patients who do not meet treatment goals. d. all of the above 10. Regarding combination therapy, all of the following statements are true except: a. Atorvastatin plus fenofibrate has been shown to significantly reduce the 10-year probability of myocardial infarction ...
Evidence that blood pressure controls heart rate in
... drug, since functional sympathomimetic receptors are thought not to exist in the chick heart at 3 days of development. Following treatment with propranolol to decrease heart rate, a significant concomitant decrease in ventricular blood pressure was not observed. This is perhaps due to two observatio ...
... drug, since functional sympathomimetic receptors are thought not to exist in the chick heart at 3 days of development. Following treatment with propranolol to decrease heart rate, a significant concomitant decrease in ventricular blood pressure was not observed. This is perhaps due to two observatio ...
Differentiation of Cardiac Masses by CMR
... of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology. From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Both authors have reported ...
... of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology. From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Both authors have reported ...
EUROPACE P 350 of of
... function normally. In 8 pts (11.6%) lead related problems were encountered. In two pts oversensing due to lead fracture was noted resulting in inappropriate shocks. In another pt oversensing occurred only after defibrillator shock. In one pt high pacing threshold, low pacing impedance and low defibr ...
... function normally. In 8 pts (11.6%) lead related problems were encountered. In two pts oversensing due to lead fracture was noted resulting in inappropriate shocks. In another pt oversensing occurred only after defibrillator shock. In one pt high pacing threshold, low pacing impedance and low defibr ...
Valvular Heart Disease(HVD)
... Calcified aortic valve of old age Macroscopic 1) Heaped-up protruded calcified masses. 2) the cusps become fibrosed and thickened. 3) The free edges of the cusps are not involved. ...
... Calcified aortic valve of old age Macroscopic 1) Heaped-up protruded calcified masses. 2) the cusps become fibrosed and thickened. 3) The free edges of the cusps are not involved. ...
Repolarisation Descriptors and Heart Rate Variability in
... Uremic cardiomyopathy and autonomic imbalance are important predisposing factors of ventricular arrhythmias observed, at particularly high rates, in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (Herzog et al. 2008, Poulikakos et al. 2014a). Descriptors of repolarisation aberration derived from surf ...
... Uremic cardiomyopathy and autonomic imbalance are important predisposing factors of ventricular arrhythmias observed, at particularly high rates, in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (Herzog et al. 2008, Poulikakos et al. 2014a). Descriptors of repolarisation aberration derived from surf ...
Auscultation of the heart
... (2) closure of the pulmonary valve: The pulmonic component (P2) is softer. It is heard best in the 2nd and 3rd interspaces close to the sternum. In this location you should search for splitting of the second heart sound. ...
... (2) closure of the pulmonary valve: The pulmonic component (P2) is softer. It is heard best in the 2nd and 3rd interspaces close to the sternum. In this location you should search for splitting of the second heart sound. ...
Hypothermia and Frostbite 1 CE - UH EMS
... TREATMENT OF FROSTBITE In the field, the goal is to prevent further cold injury, hypothermia and dehydration. The EMT should protect the patient from the cold and wind. Wet clothing should be removed and replaced with dry garments. Immediate dry heating of the frozen area may do more harm than good. ...
... TREATMENT OF FROSTBITE In the field, the goal is to prevent further cold injury, hypothermia and dehydration. The EMT should protect the patient from the cold and wind. Wet clothing should be removed and replaced with dry garments. Immediate dry heating of the frozen area may do more harm than good. ...
Changes in Chester Step test performance, predicted sub
... high intensity (98.8% of HR training zone) exercise programme.14 Despite the positive outcomes of the present study, it is important to acknowledge the main study limitations. The majority of the patients (75%) were stratified as high multi-factorial risk, therefore limiting the applicability of the ...
... high intensity (98.8% of HR training zone) exercise programme.14 Despite the positive outcomes of the present study, it is important to acknowledge the main study limitations. The majority of the patients (75%) were stratified as high multi-factorial risk, therefore limiting the applicability of the ...
Drugs for Cardiac Arrhythmias
... next page; some drugs are recommended for indications for which they have not been approved by the US FDA. The dosages and adverse effects of each drug are listed in the table that begins on page 80. Antiarrhythmic drugs may themselves cause arrhythmias, which can be fatal. Some of these drugs may i ...
... next page; some drugs are recommended for indications for which they have not been approved by the US FDA. The dosages and adverse effects of each drug are listed in the table that begins on page 80. Antiarrhythmic drugs may themselves cause arrhythmias, which can be fatal. Some of these drugs may i ...
Strengthen the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic
... remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of northern and central Australia remain some of the highest in the world.1 As these conditions were practically eradicated in Australia, except in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, many health professionals lack the experienc ...
... remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of northern and central Australia remain some of the highest in the world.1 As these conditions were practically eradicated in Australia, except in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, many health professionals lack the experienc ...
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
... the victim’s breathing and pulse, indicating that cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started if necessary. NOTE: If the AED does not prompt a shock and the victim continues unresponsive, keep doing firm and quick compressions in the middle of the chest until advanced help arrives. Do not interr ...
... the victim’s breathing and pulse, indicating that cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started if necessary. NOTE: If the AED does not prompt a shock and the victim continues unresponsive, keep doing firm and quick compressions in the middle of the chest until advanced help arrives. Do not interr ...
Editor`s Perspective - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
... the annulus connecting the atrium to the ventricle, when they occur on the midseptum, unique features result. The proximity to the AV node essentially makes it impossible with any degree of certainty to target the atrial insertion of midseptal pathways without injuring the AV node. Furthermore, beca ...
... the annulus connecting the atrium to the ventricle, when they occur on the midseptum, unique features result. The proximity to the AV node essentially makes it impossible with any degree of certainty to target the atrial insertion of midseptal pathways without injuring the AV node. Furthermore, beca ...
HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
... Summary. The aim of our research was to compare heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in hypertensives with (LVH) or without LVH and to prove their correlation with degree LVH and the degree of ventricular arrhythmias discovered by Holter monitoring. Design and Methods: 28 hypertensi ...
... Summary. The aim of our research was to compare heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in hypertensives with (LVH) or without LVH and to prove their correlation with degree LVH and the degree of ventricular arrhythmias discovered by Holter monitoring. Design and Methods: 28 hypertensi ...
Ventricular diastole- Form and Function
... Ventricles fill in two stages (E(E-and AA-waves) Ventricular volumes enlarge as blood enters from atria resulting in elongation of ventricles and ventricular wallwall-thinning ...
... Ventricles fill in two stages (E(E-and AA-waves) Ventricular volumes enlarge as blood enters from atria resulting in elongation of ventricles and ventricular wallwall-thinning ...
Atrial Septal Defects in Adults
... septum secundum covering the ostium secundum orfice. In 70% of the population, these septa fuse. A patent foramen ovale exists if the space is covered but the septa are not fused. An ASD exists when an open communication exists between atria. A large ASD can cause extra blood to accumulate in the ri ...
... septum secundum covering the ostium secundum orfice. In 70% of the population, these septa fuse. A patent foramen ovale exists if the space is covered but the septa are not fused. An ASD exists when an open communication exists between atria. A large ASD can cause extra blood to accumulate in the ri ...
Vasoactive Agents
... Vasoactive agents are a group of bioactive chemicals, which change vasomotor tone through their influence on various peripheral receptors. Most of these agents have inotropic effects (e.g. norepinephrine) as they bind with receptors positioned on the surface of the myocardium. Some pharmacologic age ...
... Vasoactive agents are a group of bioactive chemicals, which change vasomotor tone through their influence on various peripheral receptors. Most of these agents have inotropic effects (e.g. norepinephrine) as they bind with receptors positioned on the surface of the myocardium. Some pharmacologic age ...
Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation Lecture Outline
... Veins: designed to return blood to heart, can serve as blood reservoir, thin walls but large lumens Thin tunica media with little smooth muscle or elastin Tunica externa contains elastin and smooth muscle Tunica intima contains valves to prevent back-flow 1. Venule Collect blood from capillary beds ...
... Veins: designed to return blood to heart, can serve as blood reservoir, thin walls but large lumens Thin tunica media with little smooth muscle or elastin Tunica externa contains elastin and smooth muscle Tunica intima contains valves to prevent back-flow 1. Venule Collect blood from capillary beds ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.