TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: REPORT OF TWO CASES IN
... Discussion We presented two children of similar age with TOF ― one girl (from the second pregnancy) and one boy (from twin pregnancy). Both children were without hereditary load. However, the boy, according to the literature, had the risk of ―twin process‖ [19]. The literature describes cases of twi ...
... Discussion We presented two children of similar age with TOF ― one girl (from the second pregnancy) and one boy (from twin pregnancy). Both children were without hereditary load. However, the boy, according to the literature, had the risk of ―twin process‖ [19]. The literature describes cases of twi ...
CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS Pathophysiology
... Blood then passes through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery. An artery is any vessel carrying blood away from the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery branches to pulmonary arterioles, then branches to capillaries ...
... Blood then passes through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery. An artery is any vessel carrying blood away from the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery branches to pulmonary arterioles, then branches to capillaries ...
multiple unipolar leads
... The following suggestions may help in selecting leads likely to be most useful in the diagnosis of various lesions. For the preliminary routine approach it may be enough to select VI or V2 and V4 and V5 or V5 and V6 depending on the size of the heart; and VL and VF. These may suggest what further re ...
... The following suggestions may help in selecting leads likely to be most useful in the diagnosis of various lesions. For the preliminary routine approach it may be enough to select VI or V2 and V4 and V5 or V5 and V6 depending on the size of the heart; and VL and VF. These may suggest what further re ...
anomalous pulmonary venous return with stenosis in
... bulging into left atrium with pressure on to atrial septum (case 3). In current literature there is little data about total anomalous pulmonary venous return in fetuses because it is rare and difficult to detect prenatally. There are indirect echocardiographic criteria, such as: small left atrium, r ...
... bulging into left atrium with pressure on to atrial septum (case 3). In current literature there is little data about total anomalous pulmonary venous return in fetuses because it is rare and difficult to detect prenatally. There are indirect echocardiographic criteria, such as: small left atrium, r ...
Scaling of Cardiovascular Physiology in Snakes1
... column above it. The hydrostatic component is important only in land animals. In aquatic species, the hydrostatic pressure of the external water column almost completely compensates for the blood column. An important correlate to blood pressure is heart mass. Vertebrate cardiac muscle operates withi ...
... column above it. The hydrostatic component is important only in land animals. In aquatic species, the hydrostatic pressure of the external water column almost completely compensates for the blood column. An important correlate to blood pressure is heart mass. Vertebrate cardiac muscle operates withi ...
Patent ductus arteriosus - Medical Ultrasonography
... the increased pressure in the right heart may cause right ventricular insufficiency [4]. Along with the newborn’s first breath, the lungs fill with air, and the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. The increased oxygen content in the blood produces the bradikinin release in the lungs, which also ...
... the increased pressure in the right heart may cause right ventricular insufficiency [4]. Along with the newborn’s first breath, the lungs fill with air, and the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. The increased oxygen content in the blood produces the bradikinin release in the lungs, which also ...
Arrhythmias in the developing heart
... reported that 38% of cases with extrasystoles (in 87 foetuses) resolved in utero and 49% at birth. Only one neonate required postnatal therapy, and in nine neonates, the arrhythmia was still present at 1-year follow-up without need for therapy. Two foetuses with extrasystoles converted to supraventr ...
... reported that 38% of cases with extrasystoles (in 87 foetuses) resolved in utero and 49% at birth. Only one neonate required postnatal therapy, and in nine neonates, the arrhythmia was still present at 1-year follow-up without need for therapy. Two foetuses with extrasystoles converted to supraventr ...
Worksheet
... ECG that would be ARP (absolute refractory) 2. Using brackets draw the area of the ECG that would be RRP (relative refractory) 3. What is the significance of the absolute ...
... ECG that would be ARP (absolute refractory) 2. Using brackets draw the area of the ECG that would be RRP (relative refractory) 3. What is the significance of the absolute ...
Phase 4 Left Septal Fascicular Block
... hemiblocks, showed also a group of fibers directing to the septum7. However, there are multiple anatomic variations of the left septal fascicle, that may depart from the other left fascicles (mainly the posterior division) and not from the main left bundle branch and even may be absent. Proof of tra ...
... hemiblocks, showed also a group of fibers directing to the septum7. However, there are multiple anatomic variations of the left septal fascicle, that may depart from the other left fascicles (mainly the posterior division) and not from the main left bundle branch and even may be absent. Proof of tra ...
15.0 Hours Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Therapeutic Modalities
... Blood then passes through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery. An artery is any vessel carrying blood away from the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery branches to pulmonary arterioles, then branches to capillaries ...
... Blood then passes through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery. An artery is any vessel carrying blood away from the heart. The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery branches to pulmonary arterioles, then branches to capillaries ...
Fv is the independent variable in the Fv:Pra relationship in the
... the heart does not “drive” venous return just as the tap filling a tub does not “drive” emptying of the tub. His argument misses Guyton’s key point that the “working” cardiac output is determined by interaction of pump function (not cardiac output) and return function (3) and thus the pump is an int ...
... the heart does not “drive” venous return just as the tap filling a tub does not “drive” emptying of the tub. His argument misses Guyton’s key point that the “working” cardiac output is determined by interaction of pump function (not cardiac output) and return function (3) and thus the pump is an int ...
AEMED A 20-Year-Old Patient with Idiopathic Non
... in V1 together with a transition zone at V4. No overt structural heart disease was detected in the initial tests. As is the case in our patient, individuals with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of outflow origin are typically hemodynamically stable and usually present with symptoms of dizziness o ...
... in V1 together with a transition zone at V4. No overt structural heart disease was detected in the initial tests. As is the case in our patient, individuals with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of outflow origin are typically hemodynamically stable and usually present with symptoms of dizziness o ...
* Cardiovascular Issues in Respiratory Care
... The hemodynamic effects of ventilation are complex but can be grouped under four clinically relevant concepts. First, spontaneous ventilation is exercise, and critically ill patients may not withstand the increased work of breathing. Initiation of mechanical ventilatory support will improve oxygen d ...
... The hemodynamic effects of ventilation are complex but can be grouped under four clinically relevant concepts. First, spontaneous ventilation is exercise, and critically ill patients may not withstand the increased work of breathing. Initiation of mechanical ventilatory support will improve oxygen d ...
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
... Chorea-- Clinical Features—cont-• The course of the syndrome is variable. Symptoms tend to develop subtly, progressively worsen over 1 to 2 months, and spontaneously resolve gradually after 3 to 6 months. Residual waxing and waning of symptoms may occur for a year or more, and 20% of patients have ...
... Chorea-- Clinical Features—cont-• The course of the syndrome is variable. Symptoms tend to develop subtly, progressively worsen over 1 to 2 months, and spontaneously resolve gradually after 3 to 6 months. Residual waxing and waning of symptoms may occur for a year or more, and 20% of patients have ...
Ventricular fibrillation treated by cryotherapy to the right ventricular
... In this case we used cryoablation to avoid the pain associated with radiofrequency delivery and hence the possibility of suppression of ectopy by the autonomic activation arising from that pain or from the medications needed to control it. The complete and persistent elimination of previously very f ...
... In this case we used cryoablation to avoid the pain associated with radiofrequency delivery and hence the possibility of suppression of ectopy by the autonomic activation arising from that pain or from the medications needed to control it. The complete and persistent elimination of previously very f ...
MRI as a Lifesaving Tool in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... Pennell DJ, UP Sechtem, CB Higgins, et al. Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report. European Heart Journal. 2004; 25(21): 1940-1965 Rikcers C, NM Wilke, M Jerosch-Herold, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertr ...
... Pennell DJ, UP Sechtem, CB Higgins, et al. Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report. European Heart Journal. 2004; 25(21): 1940-1965 Rikcers C, NM Wilke, M Jerosch-Herold, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertr ...
Clinical Management of the Patient with Atrial Fibrillation
... Patients with mitral stenosis depend on atrial systole and longer ventricular filling times to maintain stroke volume. Thus, treatment of AF in patients with mitral stenosis can be an emergency. Thyrotoxicosis can cause rapid AF that may be difficult to control. Beta blockers are the treatment of ch ...
... Patients with mitral stenosis depend on atrial systole and longer ventricular filling times to maintain stroke volume. Thus, treatment of AF in patients with mitral stenosis can be an emergency. Thyrotoxicosis can cause rapid AF that may be difficult to control. Beta blockers are the treatment of ch ...
The Chromosomes in Heart Disease
... rapidly after the onset of acromegaly at age 20. An average of seven defects was observed in these four patients. Abnormalities found in two or more patients included cutaneous lesions, endocrinopathy, and bony abnormalities of the vertebrae and digits. One (case 042) had disturbances of the thyroid ...
... rapidly after the onset of acromegaly at age 20. An average of seven defects was observed in these four patients. Abnormalities found in two or more patients included cutaneous lesions, endocrinopathy, and bony abnormalities of the vertebrae and digits. One (case 042) had disturbances of the thyroid ...
Selection of patients for cardiac transplantation
... very ill patients. But more commonly this decision requires the physician to use knowledge of prognosis and treatment of end-stage heart disease and on the state of the art of cardiac transplantation as well as considerable clinical judgment. Selection of patients who are "too sick" for cardiac tran ...
... very ill patients. But more commonly this decision requires the physician to use knowledge of prognosis and treatment of end-stage heart disease and on the state of the art of cardiac transplantation as well as considerable clinical judgment. Selection of patients who are "too sick" for cardiac tran ...
Conduction System in Man
... the human electrocardiographic pattern of bundle branch block and the so-called classic interpretation derived from studies on canine hearts. This difference had been recognized by Barker, Macleod and Alexander,14 Oppenheimer and Pardee, 5 Farr,16 and others. Kountz found that with the dog assuming ...
... the human electrocardiographic pattern of bundle branch block and the so-called classic interpretation derived from studies on canine hearts. This difference had been recognized by Barker, Macleod and Alexander,14 Oppenheimer and Pardee, 5 Farr,16 and others. Kountz found that with the dog assuming ...
Electrocardiogram Events Detection
... The identification of the ECG events has based in the correlation coefficient technique, described before, and in the determination of picks and valleys. The search of events has made using a segment of the original signal containing one period, plus about 20% of a period samples before and after. T ...
... The identification of the ECG events has based in the correlation coefficient technique, described before, and in the determination of picks and valleys. The search of events has made using a segment of the original signal containing one period, plus about 20% of a period samples before and after. T ...
The Chromosomes in Heart Disease
... rapidly after the onset of acromegaly at age 20. An average of seven defects was observed in these four patients. Abnormalities found in two or more patients included cutaneous lesions, endocrinopathy, and bony abnormalities of the vertebrae and digits. One (case 042) had disturbances of the thyroid ...
... rapidly after the onset of acromegaly at age 20. An average of seven defects was observed in these four patients. Abnormalities found in two or more patients included cutaneous lesions, endocrinopathy, and bony abnormalities of the vertebrae and digits. One (case 042) had disturbances of the thyroid ...
Basic science behind the cardiovascular benefits of exercise
... wall thickness, resulting in greater cardiac mass due to increased myocardial cell size. With this in mind, the present paper aims to review the basic science behind the CV benefits of exercise. Attention will be paid to understanding (1) the relationship between exercise and cardiac remodelling; (2) ...
... wall thickness, resulting in greater cardiac mass due to increased myocardial cell size. With this in mind, the present paper aims to review the basic science behind the CV benefits of exercise. Attention will be paid to understanding (1) the relationship between exercise and cardiac remodelling; (2) ...
Print EKG Factors that affect the Heart Lab
... 3. How do the durations of the intervals for the EKG after exercise compare with the typical durations of intervals? What does this indicate about your physical condition? ...
... 3. How do the durations of the intervals for the EKG after exercise compare with the typical durations of intervals? What does this indicate about your physical condition? ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.