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Cardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart
Cardiovascular System Notes: Physiology of the Heart

... • Cardiac Output ...
Document
Document

... • Cardiac Output ...
Diseases/Disorders of the Circulatory System
Diseases/Disorders of the Circulatory System

Double outlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle

... the right ventricle to reach the two arteries. This abnormal opening is known as a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Blood flow from the heart to the lungs often increases and is under very high pressure. Are there any symptoms? The symptoms of double outlet right ventricle develop in the first weeks ...
State-of-the-art treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension
State-of-the-art treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension

... Pulmonary hypertension has several potential etiologies, including congestive heart failure, blood clots, HIV, drug abuse, cirrhosis, appetite suppressant medications, autoimmune disorders, sleep apnea, and lung diseases such as emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis. However, the condition often affects i ...
The-Circulatory-System
The-Circulatory-System

... Blood vessels travelling back to the heart are called veins. The blood in veins is usually carrying carbon dioxide and waste materials. ...
Cardiac A&P
Cardiac A&P

... • Milliseconds later, the semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic) open, and the ventricles contract. • Blood is forced thru the great vessels. • When pressure is low in ventricles, semilunar valves snap shut, causing the second heart sound (S2). ...
Review Packet
Review Packet

... In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen from inhaled air and releases carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart, is forced into the left ventricle, and is then pumped to the body tissues. The blood delivers oxygen to the body tissues and picks up carbon dioxide and other w ...
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System

... w Thickness varies directly with stress placed on chamber walls. w Left ventricle is the most powerful of chambers and thus, the largest. w With vigorous exercise, the left ventricle size increases. w The heart has autoconduction, i.e., it beats on its own without nerve or hormonal control. Due to i ...
About Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
About Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

... AF increases the risk of stroke five fold and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 15-20% of the 15 million strokes which occur worldwide every year. Patients with AF represent a substantial population at high risk of stroke and, in particular, severe stroke Currently the most widely ...
Heart - Humble ISD
Heart - Humble ISD

... abnormal WBCs which crowd out normal WBCs, RBCs & platelets. 2. Hemophilia: inherited disorder; person cannot produce clotting factors and bleeds longer than normal. Also has internal bleeding, mainly into muscles & joints. ...
UNIT 2: Internal geological agents
UNIT 2: Internal geological agents

... - Arteries: are vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the organs. Their walls are thick and elastic to bear the high blood pressure when the heart pumps. -Veins: are vessels that return the blood to the heart from the organs. They have valves to prevent blood from flowing in the wrong dire ...
Cardiac System
Cardiac System

... 1. Review the pathophysiology of the cardiac system. 2. Discuss common diagnostic tests of the cardiac system. 3. Evaluate risk factors for coronary heart disease. 4. Discuss peripheral vascular disease and treatment options. 5. Discuss the psychological needs of the “cardiac patient” and desired li ...
Name Period ______ Accelerated Biology The Circulatory and
Name Period ______ Accelerated Biology The Circulatory and

... o Atria – two _______________ chambers that _______________ blood returning to the heart o Ventricles – two _______________ thick–walled chambers that _______________ blood away from the heart o Pericardium – _______________ sac around the heart The Vessels  Vena cava – _______________ veins o Supe ...
Latex to leather
Latex to leather

... • Variable onset and duration of TTTS before treatment • Radial artery compliance may not reflect that of central arteries and LV load • Cross sectional measurements at different (young) ages, no idea yet of long term effects ...
Cardiovascular Examination
Cardiovascular Examination

... Turbulent blood flow caused by diseased valve or if a large amount of blood flows through a normal valve. characteristics of murmurs suggest the cause of it (site, radiation, pitch, timing and the intensity) . ...
Circulatory System Review WS KEY
Circulatory System Review WS KEY

... functions are to fight infections & transport chemical messengers to target organs. ...
Sample Exam 3
Sample Exam 3

... a. blood pressure; vascular resistance b. end systolic volume; end diastolic volume c. diastolic pressure; heart rate d. stroke volume; heart rate e. stroke volume; blood pressure 28. The cardioacceleratory center is located in the ___________. a. cerebral cortex b. spinal cord c. pons d. hypothalam ...
Presentation Package
Presentation Package

... Myocardium—The Cardiac Muscle • Thickness varies directly with stress placed on chamber walls. • Left ventricle is the most powerful of chambers and, thus, the largest. • With vigorous exercise, the size of the left ventricle increases. • Due to intercalated disks, impulses travel quickly in cardia ...
Cardovascular System The Heart Chap. 12
Cardovascular System The Heart Chap. 12

... (conducting) cells” – which can spontaneously generate action potentials ...
Tissues in the lungs
Tissues in the lungs

... The heart sits slightly off-centre to the left of the chest cavity, with the atria in the middle of the cavity. The lower, main part of the heart is the firm muscle of the ventricles. Above the ventricles are two thin-walled atria. Coronary arteries lie over the surface of the heart, carrying oxygen ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from EACH ventricle per beat Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute; that is the number of cardiac cycles per minute EXAMPLE: If the heart is beating at a rate of 75 beats per minute, and the volume of blood ejected from EACH vent ...
Match the numbers in Column 1 with the letters in Column 2
Match the numbers in Column 1 with the letters in Column 2

... E. A narrowing and/or blockage E 18 stenosis F. Enlargement of the heart G. A heart rate over 100 beats per minute H A heart rate less than 60 beats per minute Read each statement, then indicate whether you think it is true or false (T or F). T 19 Conducting arteries are the largest of the arteries ...
Pathophysiology of Cardiogenic Shock
Pathophysiology of Cardiogenic Shock

... blood pressure and the end-diastolic left ventricular pressure, and this gradient is reduced. As the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rises, the left atrial pressure also rises and this transmits back with resultant rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This increase in hydrostatic pres ...
Adverse effects
Adverse effects

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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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