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CARDIAC CYCLE
CARDIAC CYCLE

... Since the Aortic and Pulmonic valves were – already closed, the heart is a closed ball As the heart contracts, the pressure in the ball – rises at a fixed volume. ...
CARDIAC CYCLE
CARDIAC CYCLE

... Since the Aortic and Pulmonic valves were – already closed, the heart is a closed ball As the heart contracts, the pressure in the ball – rises at a fixed volume. ...
Heart Attack - Town of Stratford
Heart Attack - Town of Stratford

... chances of having future health problems. Your doctor may recommend cardiac rehabilitation, which is a program that can help you make lifestyle changes to improve your heart health and quality of life. These changes may include taking medication, changing what you eat, increasing your physical activ ...
Assumed Knowledge Or What you should know and don`t!!
Assumed Knowledge Or What you should know and don`t!!

... Why is the heart known as a ‘dual pump? _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ What is special about cardiac (heart) muscle? ...
Document
Document

... Drugs most likely taken by patients with coronary artery disease are B-adrenergic antagonists, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, drugs that decrease blood lipids, diuretics, antihypertensives, and platelet inhibitors. Potential adverse interactions of thes ...
Cardiomyopathy and heart disease secondary to non
Cardiomyopathy and heart disease secondary to non

... heart failure : severity of the symptoms (NYHA classification, syncope), severity of cardiac impairment in terms of dilation and reduced contraction (the lower the left ventricular ejection fraction, the poorer the prognosis), biological parameters (blood sodium, creatinine, natriuretic peptide or B ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats

... of a tumor; “cardiomyopathy” is a disease of heart muscle • The heart of the cat is composed of four chambers; the top two chambers are the right and left atria and the bottom two chambers are the right and left ventricles; the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta (the main artery of the body), ...
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System

... ◦ Pressure in veins (in the chest) decrease while pressure in veins (in the abdominal cavity) increase upon intake of breath ◦ Difference in pressure pushes blood from veins in the abdominal cavity into veins in the thoracic cavity  The nervous system: ◦ Sends a signal to veins ◦ Veins constrict al ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... (1) Line all blood vessels (2) Secrete factors affecting size of blood vessels, reduce blood clotting, and promote growth of blood vessels d. Strong enough to withstand high pressure of pumping action of heart e. All BUT pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood f. Aorta: largest artery; 1 inch in d ...
Blood Cancers
Blood Cancers

... – Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): blood clot that blocks the veins to the lower extremities – Pulmonary embolism (PE): blood clot that breaks off and travels to the lungs, blocking the pulmonary arteries ...
Cardiovascular System - Dr. Diamond`s Website
Cardiovascular System - Dr. Diamond`s Website

... Coronary Circulation • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of – Coronary arteries—branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood – Cardiac veins—drain the myocardium of blood – Coronary ...
Full Text - Journal of Preventive Cardiology
Full Text - Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Heart Failure/ADHF Powerpoint
Heart Failure/ADHF Powerpoint

... heart failure but have never had symptoms of heart failure (usually by finding an ejection fraction of less than 40% on echocardiogram). ...
Diet and Health Guidelines to Lower Risk of High Blood Pressure
Diet and Health Guidelines to Lower Risk of High Blood Pressure

...  However, blood pressure increases not only in the kidneys, but all over the body, which further damages blood vessels and increases ...
Blood pressure
Blood pressure

... bicuspid and tricuspid valves being forced shut when the ventricles contract. • ‘Dub’ – higher pitched, louder, shorter, due to the semilunar valves snapping shut. Heart Murmur: is any abnormal sound associated with heartbeat and may indicate damage to one or more valves. ...
Mitral Valve Dysplasia in Dogs - Veterinary Specialty Services
Mitral Valve Dysplasia in Dogs - Veterinary Specialty Services

... Some dogs with mild forms of MVD remain asymptomatic, with the only evidence of the condition being the heart murmur detected during physical examination. Other dogs may develop symptoms, the nature and severity of which are variable between dogs and depend upon how the condition progresses. If card ...
Blood Pressure Lab - Phillips Scientific Methods
Blood Pressure Lab - Phillips Scientific Methods

... referring to the pressure in the arterial system. Unless otherwise indicated, blood pressure readings are the pressures in the brachial arteries in the arms. 2. Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure can be most accurately measured by inserting a needle directly into the artery and connecting it to ...
CHAPTER 23 Circulation
CHAPTER 23 Circulation

... Atherosclerosis: Growths called plaques develop in the inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their bore In some cases, plaques also become hardened by calcium deposits, leading to arteriosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries Connective tissue ...
Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction

... Unless the patient is allergic to aspirin, it should be given as soon as possible. If thrombolytics are used, the combination of an anti-platelet, anti-thrombin (heparin), and fibrinolytic agent is necessary. Nitroglycerin increases myocardial oxygen supply, especially when collaterals are present, ...
Left Ventricular Wall Movement Measured by Reflected Ultrasound
Left Ventricular Wall Movement Measured by Reflected Ultrasound

... An increase in aortic distensibility is observed in between the end-diastolic and end-systolic positions. cockerels fed an atherogenic crushed egg diet. The Posterior wall velocity increased from a mean of abnormal distensibility is correlated with the severity 37 mmjs at rest to 96 mm/s after exerc ...
Chapter 20 The Cardiovascular System
Chapter 20 The Cardiovascular System

... separate from stretch and EDV Do not change fiber length but increase contraction force?  what determines force?  how can we change this if we don’t change length? ...
Transport in Human
Transport in Human

... Too much cholesterol can deposit on the inner walls of blood vessels and harden the walls. ...
Group4CHFexacerbate
Group4CHFexacerbate

... rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increasing peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and plasma volume further affecting CO (McCance & Huether). Diastolic failure is defined as “pulmonary congestion despite a normal stroke volume and cardiac output” (McCance & Huether, pg. 1132). Results are the cl ...
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System

... The atria and the ventricles work as a team. The atria fill with blood then dump it into the ventricles. The ventricles squeeze, pumping blood out of the heart. While the ventricles are squeezing, the atria refill and get ready for the next contraction. Your blood knows where to go thanks to 4 sp ...
File
File

... –The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and the left side of the heart pumps blood to the body. Why is it necessary to have valves in the heart and some veins? –Valves prevent the backward flow of blood. What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins? –Arteries an ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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