• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Cardiopulmonary Physiology
Cardiopulmonary Physiology

... P is pressure (dynes/cm2),  the viscosity (poise), r the radius (cm) and l (cm) is the length. If the indicated units are used, the rate of flow will be in cm3/sec (i.e., ml/sec). Some of the terms in this equation are common sense, others are quite surprising. PA-PB is the driving pressure between ...
Cardiac Defects: Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot has four
Cardiac Defects: Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot has four

... (catheter) is inserted into the heart through a large vein in the leg. ...
The Dilated Pulmonary Artery: Is there a risk of Dissection?
The Dilated Pulmonary Artery: Is there a risk of Dissection?

... – High Pressure Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms • Surgery could be considered in patients with progressive changes in PA diameter in high flow/high pressure aneurysms • Balance high surgical risk and low incidence of complications in PAH • Heart-Lung Transplantation might be considered in Eisenmenger ...
S0735109713014125_mmc1
S0735109713014125_mmc1

... In the greater region of Copenhagen, Denmark, the vast majority of general practitioners have joined the Copenhagen General Practitioners’ Laboratory (CGPL) for the purpose of centralized large-scale production of various paraclinical procedures, such as biochemistry and electrocardiogram (ECG) reco ...
complete heart block (third-degree atrioventricular block)
complete heart block (third-degree atrioventricular block)

...  No modifications, unless required for management of underlying condition (for example, a low-salt diet) SURGERY ...
目 錄
目 錄

... the number two killer. In addition to the well-established CHD risk factors: elevated cholesterol and blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and diabetes, more recently, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) have emerged as novel risk factors. For the development of primary prevention strategies to furt ...
Complete Heart Block (Third Degree Atrioventricular Block)
Complete Heart Block (Third Degree Atrioventricular Block)

...  No modifications, unless required for management of underlying condition (for example, a low-salt diet) SURGERY ...
УДК
УДК

... serious complication of EH, coming to the risk of cardiovascular events, is chronic heart failure. CHF occurs as a consequence of the remodeling of the left ventricle (LV). Structural and functional reorganization of the left ventricle is one of the earliest manifestations of systemic EH [2]. Remod ...
Full Article - College of Intensive Care Medicine
Full Article - College of Intensive Care Medicine

... patient with chronic cardiac failure who has a sudden reduction in systemic blood flow or increase in right heart failure due to an acute myocardial infarct, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia or arrhythmia,3 although cardiac failure may have been previously unrecognised.4 It also occurs in cirrhotic pat ...
left ventricular mass index: a predictor of morbidity and mortality in
left ventricular mass index: a predictor of morbidity and mortality in

... disease and is the most important health problem met by general physicians. The development of left ventricular hypertrophy increases with the severity and duration of hypertension and presence of increased left ventricular mass is associated with increased incidence of other target organ damage. Ea ...
Modelling of the vital signs
Modelling of the vital signs

... combination of both. The source of the arrhythmia may be: hypoxia (lack of oxygen in arterial blood), hypercapnia (increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood), acidosis or alkalosis (acid-base disturbances), hypokalemia and hyperkalemia (lack and excess of potassium), electrolyte disturb ...
A low resting heart rate at diagnosis predicts favourable long
A low resting heart rate at diagnosis predicts favourable long

Folia Cardiologica 2006
Folia Cardiologica 2006

... A schematic diagram showing the changes in Ca2+ handling and contractility and the potential compensatory function of ion-channel remodelling that causes action potential (AP) duration (APD) prolongation in congestive heart failure ...
A case of an anomalous origin of left main coronary artery
A case of an anomalous origin of left main coronary artery

... heart  defect,7  in  which  coronary  vessel(s)  follow  an  abnormal  route  (see   Figure  1).  Our  patient’s  left  main  coronary  artery  arose  from  the  right   sinus,  passed  between  the  pulmonary  trunk  and  ascending  aorta,  before   supplying  its  dependent  heart  tissue.  Despit ...
Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists
Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists

... case, the sympathetic pathway does have muscarinic receptors. Stimulation of the cells in the sweat glands (from the sympathetic pathway) causes the excretion of sweat. j. In the kidney, there is an even more specific response. There are nerve tracks that release dopamine. Dopaminergic receptors in ...
PDF - Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research
PDF - Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

... Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in India and the leading cause of death worldwide. Previously thought to affect primarily high-income countries, CHD now leads to more death and disability in lowand middle-income countries, such as India, with rates that are increasing disp ...
Test questions You must choose at least one correct answer for
Test questions You must choose at least one correct answer for

... A. Complete physical inactivity is recommended for patients with previous myocardial infarction, PCI or CABG. B. Decrease in the daily salt consumption (<5 gr) is advised for patients with coronary artery disease. C. The BMI goal is 20-25 kg/m2, where total mortality is the lowest. D. Hormone replac ...
PDF - Journal of Clinical and Translational Research
PDF - Journal of Clinical and Translational Research

... culmination of this unpredictability was found when vagal bursts were delivered in each heart beat (like the predicted output from the baroreflex) at a critically late timing in the sinus node cycle, where the effect just might or might not reset the ongoing depolarization of the sinus node (Figure ...
American Ginseng Acutely Regulates Contractile Function of the Heart
American Ginseng Acutely Regulates Contractile Function of the Heart

... The myocardial protective effects of trilinolein, isolated from the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng), may be related to its antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of trilinolein on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Chronic pretreatment with Amer ...
Ischemic Heart Disease MI
Ischemic Heart Disease MI

... Ischemic Heart Disease Myocardial infarction • The severity or duration of ischemia is enough to cause cardiac muscle death • Typically results from acute thromboses that ...
PDF
PDF

... V M oocyta were defoUiculued in coUa&cnasc lmglml ( S i p type IA). Exnrcclhrlar W' as ammonium hydroxiddchloride 3OmM waa applied in Ringers solution (in mM NaCl 97, KCI 3, M&l2 2, CaCI, I, HEPES 10) and in scdium/ehloride frre solutions (in mM: M&12 2, CaCh I. HEPES, 10 KCI 3, NMDG 10, gluconic ac ...
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

CHAPTER 20 LECTURE OUTLINE INTRODUCTION The
CHAPTER 20 LECTURE OUTLINE INTRODUCTION The

... discharge oxygen-carrying blood must also be variable. Body cells need specific amounts of blood each minute to maintain health and life. B. Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle (or the right ventricle) into the aorta (or pulmonary trunk) each minute. 1. cardiac ...
Advancements in Blood Pressure Management
Advancements in Blood Pressure Management

... Measurement of central blood pressure can provide improved management in a variety of clinical conditions to potentially prevent incidence or progression of target organ damage. As previously noted, certain antihypertensive medications have a more profound effect on central blood pressure than on br ...
(Type 2 DM) care – Clinical Connectathon Narrative
(Type 2 DM) care – Clinical Connectathon Narrative

... first acute myocardial infarction at age of 44 and died from a third attack at age of 57. No family history of DM. No known allergy/intolerance record in his EMR. The allergy/intolerance history is checked and confirmed. Lifestyle/social history: Patient was a smoker (12.75 pack year [15 cigarettes ...
< 1 ... 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 ... 603 >

Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report