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22. congenital cardiopathies
22. congenital cardiopathies

... 0.2 mg/kg is given by nasogastric tube or intravenously. • For intravenous indomethacin, subsequent doses depend on the age at initial treatment if <48 hours, the subsequent two doses are 0.10 mg/kg; if 2 to 7 days, 0.20 mg/kg; and if >7 days, 0.25 mg/kg. A total of three doses usually is given 12 t ...
We Got The Beat – The Circulatory System
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... 1 Use your knowledge of pressure to explain why blood flows from the left atrium to the right atrium. 2 The blood in the right atrium of a person with a hole in the heart is different in its oxygen concentration from the blood in the right atrium of a healthy person. (a) In what way is it different? ...
Reem A Heart
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Effect of Aldosterone Antagonism on Exercise - MET-TEST
Effect of Aldosterone Antagonism on Exercise - MET-TEST

... velocity (E/e 0 ) was determined to approximate LVFP. On the basis of previous validation, exertional septal E/e 0 >13 was considered as a marker of exerciseinduced elevation of LV filling pressure (25). ...
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... myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. The main secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was used as the primary outcome in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial. The P value is for the comparison wi ...
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Evaluation of Myocardial Blood Flow Reserve in Patients

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... heart's pumping action has already grown weak. CABG also may be an option if you have blockages in the heart that can't be treated with angioplasty. In this situation, CABG may work better than other types of treatment. ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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