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Risk Stratification Post MI for Patients at Risk for Sudden Death
Risk Stratification Post MI for Patients at Risk for Sudden Death

... 2 Zishiri ET, et al. Early Risk of Mortality after Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Potential Role of the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology; 2013;6: 117-128 3 Weintraub et al. Prediction of Long-Term ...
Possible Metformin-Induced Toe Nails Disorder
Possible Metformin-Induced Toe Nails Disorder

... Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the biguanide class. International guidelines from the International Diabetes Federation relevant to Europe [1] and most national guidelines for type 2 diabetes are in agreement that metformin should be the agent of choice for initiation therapy in type 2 d ...
Program Book Containing Slides (20
Program Book Containing Slides (20

... with a stroke due to atrial fibrillation, Mellanie True Hills vowed to help others avoid heart disease and stroke. She founded the non-profit American Foundation for Women's Health and StopAfib.org, a patient advocacy organization that informs and supports those living with atrial fibrillation. She ...
Student Sourcing
Student Sourcing

... Describe the factors that influence blood pressure and how blood pressure is regulated. Explain how the cardiovascular system responds to changes in the body's conditions. ...
New Formulae for Calculating Left Heart Pressure in Pulmonary
New Formulae for Calculating Left Heart Pressure in Pulmonary

... Background: The incidence of pulmonary artery hypetension is on the increase in the United Kingdom. Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare disease that is characterized by increased pulmonary-artery pressure in the absence of common secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension, such as viru ...
EFFECT OF AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY ON ARTERIAL BLOOD
EFFECT OF AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY ON ARTERIAL BLOOD

... 10 ml. per kilogram of weight of a 1 per cent chloralose solution. In the first four dogs the trachea, both common carotid arteries and both external jugular veins were exposed through a midline incision and a Y-shaped glass tube inserted into the trachea. Under artificial respiration, the left hemi ...
Clinical Trials in Cardiac Rhythm Management
Clinical Trials in Cardiac Rhythm Management

... 6 Sutton R, Kenny RA. The natural history of sick sinus syndrome. PACE 1986;9(6, Part 2):1110-1114. 7 Rosenqvist M, Brandt J, Schuller H. Atrial versus ventricular pacing in sinus node disease: a treatment comparison study. Am Heart J. February 1986;111(2):292-297. 8 Rosenqvist M, Vallin H, Edhag O. ...
venous return and cardiac filling in varanid lizards
venous return and cardiac filling in varanid lizards

... atria and ventricle(s). Table 1 presents data on the duration of mechanical ventricular diastole based on our examination of published blood pressure profiles recorded directly from the ventricle of several different vertebrates. Since the duration of diastole varies greatly with heart rate, intersp ...
Human Heart II 200
Human Heart II 200

... The largest vein in the human body back ...
Heart WaLL, cHambers, and VaLVes
Heart WaLL, cHambers, and VaLVes

... The heart can contract by itself, independent of any signals or stimulation from the body. The heart contracts in response to an electrical current conveyed by a conduction system (Fig. 19-8). Specialized cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node near the superior vena cava initiate an electrical impulse. ( ...
Resting heart rate as a tool for risk stratification in primary
Resting heart rate as a tool for risk stratification in primary

... model or after adjustment for age and gender (Table 3). Since a one-time measurement of resting heart rate in primary care did not show an association with the various endpoints in the 5-year follow-up period, the relative risk of repeated heart rate measurements was determined. To assess the progno ...
chapt14_lecture
chapt14_lecture

... effects are vasodilative However, Parasymp only innervates digestive tract, genitalia, and salivary glands Thus Parasymp is not as important as Symp Angiotenin II and ADH (at high levels) cause general vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle Which increases resistance and BP ...
A review of Duchenne muscular dystrophy focusing on cardiac
A review of Duchenne muscular dystrophy focusing on cardiac

... including fractional shortening, left ventricular ejection fraction and sphericity index in DMD and BMD patients improved three years after administration of ACE inhibitors alone and in combination with β-blockers (Belmont et al, 2005). A double-blind trial was conducted at the same time to assess t ...
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Left Ventricular
Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Left Ventricular

... Introduction: Hypertension is common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the effect of OSA on ventricular function, especially diastolic function, is not clear. Therefore, we have assessed the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with OSA and the relationship between ...
Emergency Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery
Emergency Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery

... demonstrated that early reperfusion of an infarct-related artery is associated with an improved outcome in cases of shock.2-4 As a stabilizing maneuver for revascularization, placement of an intra-aortic balloon pump is a class I recommendation.5 PCI has been proven to be a safe and effective treatm ...
HF CARE - Critical Diagnostics
HF CARE - Critical Diagnostics

... (Daniels) I am hopeful that ST2 can help me to further refine my care of HF patients, and help me target those patients who really need extra attention to ensure they are taking their aldosterone blockers and other guidelinebased therapies. In addition, I think using ST2 serially will help give posi ...
Magnesium crucial for overall health
Magnesium crucial for overall health

... Excess intake of fiber can cause excessive magnesium loss, because phytates in fibers usher magnesium and calcium out of the body. In addition, a high-fat diet can steal needed magnesium. When magnesium combines with fat, it forms a salt which the body cannot absorb. In my practice, I not only recom ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Assiut University
CURRICULUM VITAE - Assiut University

... diseases in comparison with stress echocardiography nuclear image and coronary angiography. M. Sc thesis, by Rehab Anwar Hassan, 2011. 18. Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory disorder. M. Sc thesis, by Nora ...
Equine Cardiovascular Disease
Equine Cardiovascular Disease

...  Can be treated repeatedly and can perform well.  Quinidine sulphate:  Na channel blocker  Prolongs the Q-T interval (slowed depolarization AND repolarization)  Elimination by liver (P450) ...
AF1 - NHS Wales
AF1 - NHS Wales

... The Role of the Heart Rhythm Specialist Nurse  It is now widely recognised within our trust that ...
a comparative doppler-catheterization study of the left ventricular
a comparative doppler-catheterization study of the left ventricular

... not found to be associated with high LVEDP. Other studies have shown that the older age group (≥60 years)[11] and obesity are associated with a high LVEDP but not in this study. This can be explained by the younger age group in this study with a mean age of 56 ± 11 and exclusion of patients with poo ...
Pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy determines its
Pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy determines its

... state to overt congestive heart failure (CHF), arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (SCD) over their lifetime (12-14). ...
MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 2
MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 15 No. 2

... preoperative classification of stable angina pectoris . There were no operative or early postoperative deaths in patients with left main-vessel disease, and two late postoperative deaths have occurred in this group. Statistical analysis of all patients by life table methods (Table 1 and Fig 2), incl ...
Contemporary Management of Acute Right Ventricular Failure: A
Contemporary Management of Acute Right Ventricular Failure: A

... increasing its end-diastolic volume and contractility, but RV failure may occur rapidly if these mechanisms prove unable to generate sufficient pressure to maintain flow (e.g., past the thromboembolic obstruction in the case of acute PE) (Supplementary Cases 4, 5).1 In chronically evolving pulmonary ...
Document
Document

... Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and lethal disease which can designate right ventricular dysfunction, mitral valve stenosis, congenital heart disease, pulmonary parenchymal disease, interstitial lung disease, etc. [1]. This pathology affects small diameter pulmonary arteries and leads to a ...
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Antihypertensive drug



Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.
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