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This rigid form is made with sticks hinged together and forms a field
This rigid form is made with sticks hinged together and forms a field

... 34. One-dimensional loop circuiting of form has been shown in Fig.3. What about the threedimensional circuiting of form? 35. All models of the atom that I have seen described by physics are one-dimensional loop/rings for the electron(s) and a sphere (or sphere clusters) for the nuclei. Hence, since ...
Kazakov - From Sigma Models to Four-dimensional QFT
Kazakov - From Sigma Models to Four-dimensional QFT

... Wronskian solution for AdS/CFT Y-system. Towards a finite system of equations for the full planar spectrum of AdS/CFT ...
Magnetic field contribution to the Lorentz model
Magnetic field contribution to the Lorentz model

... The results presented here show the precise manner in which the magnetic field influences the atomic polarizability in the Lorentz model of resonance polarization. Inclusion of the magnetic field in the Lorentz force relation results in a microscopic polarization density that contains both perpendic ...
Inhomogeneous liquid Superscript>4 Superscript>He: A density
Inhomogeneous liquid Superscript>4 Superscript>He: A density

... The value (28) is not very sensitive to details of the model used for the fluid, provided that it meets the criteria enumerated at the end of Sec. 2. For instance, changing from 1 to 10 the power law of the two-body effective potential between 0 and h changes the value of cr by only +1%. The weighti ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... It is also inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (r2) Remember, the force is attractive if the charges have different signs and repulsive if the signs are the same. Force is a vector! The magnitude of the force can be written as: ...
5. Fields and Electrical Physics
5. Fields and Electrical Physics

Exploring dynamical phase transitions and prethermalization with
Exploring dynamical phase transitions and prethermalization with

Program Modification Form  Department/program Summary
Program Modification Form Department/program Summary

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t = |T – T c

... The spin rotational symmetry is spontaneously broken (as opposed to explicitly broken by an external field): The Hamiltonian is still invariant under rotations of the spin, but the lowest-free-energy state is not. However, the free energy of the resulting state is still invariant under co-rotation ...
The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem
The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem

Chem4050_lecture1_2017-22xcfkp
Chem4050_lecture1_2017-22xcfkp

... essential. Experimental design and interpretation of nuclear magnet resonance data, particulary with respect to applications in structural biology. ...
Renormalisation of Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory
Renormalisation of Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory

why do physicists think that there are extra dimensions
why do physicists think that there are extra dimensions

... only the graviton (the force particle of gravity) can move off the brane into extra dimensions this hides the extra dimensions quite efficiently, since gravity effects are hard to measure… ...
Internal Symmetries of Strong Interactions {intsymm
Internal Symmetries of Strong Interactions {intsymm

... If we open up a standard table of the presently known elementary particles, we see a confusing variety of them with many different properties. Before trying to develop a more detailed theory of their interactions it is useful to find certain organizing principles which correlate their quantum number ...
Tokamak / Stellarator
Tokamak / Stellarator

... If the field is not toroidally symmetric the motion in the toroidal direction will move the field line from regions of positive poloidal field into regions of negative field Then a net poloidal turn of the field line can be achieved Steady state operation is possible at the cost of greater ...
Chem-130 Test Lecture
Chem-130 Test Lecture

Wave Operators for Classical Particle Scattering
Wave Operators for Classical Particle Scattering

Gravity and the quantum vacuum inertia hypothesis
Gravity and the quantum vacuum inertia hypothesis

... resulting force proves to be proportional to acceleration, thus suggesting a basis for inertia of matter [1–3]. It thus appears that Newton’s equation of motion could be derived in this fashion from electrodynamics, and it has been shown that the relativistic version of the equation of motion also n ...
Two-magnon instabilities and other surprises in magnetized quantum antiferromagnets Oleg Starykh
Two-magnon instabilities and other surprises in magnetized quantum antiferromagnets Oleg Starykh

... Phase diagram of the antiferromagneticXY model with a triangular lattice in an external magnetic field ...
Bits more basic for physics than fundamental particles?
Bits more basic for physics than fundamental particles?

Origin of the exponential decay of the Loschmidt echo in integrable
Origin of the exponential decay of the Loschmidt echo in integrable

CHARGE TO MAGNETIC FLUX RATIOS
CHARGE TO MAGNETIC FLUX RATIOS

2 - Introduction of a Quantum of Time ("chronon"), and its
2 - Introduction of a Quantum of Time ("chronon"), and its

New constructions for Quantum Money
New constructions for Quantum Money

... However, a clear drawback in contrast to Wiesner’s scheme was that the verification of a coin consists of multiple rounds between the user and the bank, thus forcing the bank to maintain a temporary memory for each verification session. In 2012, Aaronson [1] proposed the idea of public-key quantum m ...
Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way
Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way

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History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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