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Video Transcript - Rose
Video Transcript - Rose

... We’re looking for the equivalent impedance between terminals G and H. The circuit, however, is given with all of its elements specified in terms of admittance. We’ll first convert those to impedance, then work the problem entirely in terms of impedance. Recall that impedance is the reciprocal of adm ...
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... lossless transmission line of length p, with a parallel inductance Lv in the middle and series capacitors 2Cg at the ends to model the gaps. A conductance 2Gg is placed in parallel with the capacitors to model radiation from the gaps. The resistance Rv models the resistance of the vertical post (via ...
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... The secondary of the transformer is left open-circuited. A wattmeter is connected to the primary. An ammeter is connected in series with the primary winding. A voltmeter is optional since the applied voltage is same as the voltmeter reading. Rated voltage is applied at primary. If the applied voltag ...
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... 100 kΩ resistor are chosen to provide a 1 MΩ load to the source, the impedance seen by the analog multiplexer input is about 90 kΩ, still too high for the multiplexed reading to be accurate. • When the values are both downsized by a factor of 100 so the output ...
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... - The forward or incident power applied to the line combines with the reflected power to produce a pattern of voltage and current variations along the line known as standing waves. - If the load impedance matches the line impedance, there are no standing waves. - A measure of the mismatch between li ...
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Scattering parameters

Scattering parameters or S-parameters (the elements of a scattering matrix or S-matrix) describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady state stimuli by electrical signals.The parameters are useful for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and communication systems design, and especially for microwave engineering.The S-parameters are members of a family of similar parameters, other examples being: Y-parameters, Z-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters or ABCD-parameters. They differ from these, in the sense that S-parameters do not use open or short circuit conditions to characterize a linear electrical network; instead, matched loads are used. These terminations are much easier to use at high signal frequencies than open-circuit and short-circuit terminations. Moreover, the quantities are measured in terms of power.Many electrical properties of networks of components (inductors, capacitors, resistors) may be expressed using S-parameters, such as gain, return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), reflection coefficient and amplifier stability. The term 'scattering' is more common to optical engineering than RF engineering, referring to the effect observed when a plane electromagnetic wave is incident on an obstruction or passes across dissimilar dielectric media. In the context of S-parameters, scattering refers to the way in which the traveling currents and voltages in a transmission line are affected when they meet a discontinuity caused by the insertion of a network into the transmission line. This is equivalent to the wave meeting an impedance differing from the line's characteristic impedance.Although applicable at any frequency, S-parameters are mostly used for networks operating at radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequencies where signal power and energy considerations are more easily quantified than currents and voltages. S-parameters change with the measurement frequency, so frequency must be specified for any S-parameter measurements stated, in addition to the characteristic impedance or system impedance.S-parameters are readily represented in matrix form and obey the rules of matrix algebra.
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