Responsibility for Implicit Bias
... when she has automatic cognitive or affective associations between (her concept of) G and some negative property (P) or stereotypic trait (T), which are accessible and can be operative in influencing judgment and behavior without the conscious awareness of the agent.2 There are three noteworthy feat ...
... when she has automatic cognitive or affective associations between (her concept of) G and some negative property (P) or stereotypic trait (T), which are accessible and can be operative in influencing judgment and behavior without the conscious awareness of the agent.2 There are three noteworthy feat ...
The Blush: Literary and Psychological Perspectives
... The view that the blush is sexual in nature is common in literary criticism. Wiltshire (1992, p. 18) proposed that the blush in Austen’s novels “conveys the presence of desire, and especially of female desire, while dramatising it, precisely as propriety.” Elsewhere (p. 78) he claims that “the blush ...
... The view that the blush is sexual in nature is common in literary criticism. Wiltshire (1992, p. 18) proposed that the blush in Austen’s novels “conveys the presence of desire, and especially of female desire, while dramatising it, precisely as propriety.” Elsewhere (p. 78) he claims that “the blush ...
Relative Deprivation Specification, Development, and Integration
... section of the book continue, directly or indirectly, to specify more precisely the RD construct and its range of applicability. Taylor’s chapter begins the book by showing how a close reading of three perspectives on white racism – Runciman’s fraternal deprivation, Blumer’s collective threat, and K ...
... section of the book continue, directly or indirectly, to specify more precisely the RD construct and its range of applicability. Taylor’s chapter begins the book by showing how a close reading of three perspectives on white racism – Runciman’s fraternal deprivation, Blumer’s collective threat, and K ...
How Moral Decoupling Enables Consumers to Admire and Admonish
... politics, the arts, sports, and business, attract considerable media attention and public interest. For instance, the New York Post devoted 20 consecutive covers to reports of golfer Tiger Woods’s extramarital affairs, more than it did for the 9/11 attacks in its own city (Rich 2009). The four above ...
... politics, the arts, sports, and business, attract considerable media attention and public interest. For instance, the New York Post devoted 20 consecutive covers to reports of golfer Tiger Woods’s extramarital affairs, more than it did for the 9/11 attacks in its own city (Rich 2009). The four above ...
Sources of Implicit Attitudes
... attitudes. In addition, there is growing evidence that systemic, culturally held appraisals can bias people’s automatic evaluations irrespective of their personal opinion. Finally, only implicit (not explicit) evaluations appear to be sensitive to cognitive consistency principles. By better understa ...
... attitudes. In addition, there is growing evidence that systemic, culturally held appraisals can bias people’s automatic evaluations irrespective of their personal opinion. Finally, only implicit (not explicit) evaluations appear to be sensitive to cognitive consistency principles. By better understa ...
Psychological Implications of Moral Conviction
... moral conviction as a function of issue valence (e.g., how many people are pro-choice or prolife; Bauman & Skitka, 2005), people with moral conviction respond similarly to threats to their beliefs, irrespective of which position they hold on a given issue (e.g., both pro-choice and prolife people pu ...
... moral conviction as a function of issue valence (e.g., how many people are pro-choice or prolife; Bauman & Skitka, 2005), people with moral conviction respond similarly to threats to their beliefs, irrespective of which position they hold on a given issue (e.g., both pro-choice and prolife people pu ...
The Experience of Regret
... experience more regret. And who could argue with them? It is much easier to put oneself in Mr. George's position and imagine being tormented by thoughts such as "This need not have happened" or "I brought this on myself." It is harder to imagine getting equally worked up if one were in Mr. Paul's po ...
... experience more regret. And who could argue with them? It is much easier to put oneself in Mr. George's position and imagine being tormented by thoughts such as "This need not have happened" or "I brought this on myself." It is harder to imagine getting equally worked up if one were in Mr. Paul's po ...
LAY THEORIES OF HAPPINESS This study set out
... 1990). There is also an extensive literature on subjective well-being (Bradburn, 1969; Clemente and Sauer, 1976; Costa and McCrae, 1980; Diener, 1984; Diener and Emmons, 1984; Emmons and Diener, 1985). Eysenck (1990) however argues that many lay theories about happiness are myths. “We have encounter ...
... 1990). There is also an extensive literature on subjective well-being (Bradburn, 1969; Clemente and Sauer, 1976; Costa and McCrae, 1980; Diener, 1984; Diener and Emmons, 1984; Emmons and Diener, 1985). Eysenck (1990) however argues that many lay theories about happiness are myths. “We have encounter ...
The Psychology of Social and Cultural Diversity
... ways in which we can define ourselves, and categorize others. Ethnicity, nationality, gender, religion, occupation, politics—our social and cultural worlds are increasingly, and unassailably, multifaceted. Since the mid-1950s we have seen unprecedented intercultural exchange, and the geographical bo ...
... ways in which we can define ourselves, and categorize others. Ethnicity, nationality, gender, religion, occupation, politics—our social and cultural worlds are increasingly, and unassailably, multifaceted. Since the mid-1950s we have seen unprecedented intercultural exchange, and the geographical bo ...
PDF
... sensitive to the prosody of their mother’s voice (DeCasper and Fifer, 1980). And humans recognize facial expressions far prior to understanding words (e.g. Kestenbaum and Nelson, 1990). In fact, if infants are to be socialized in their first year or so, this process must occur in the absence of lang ...
... sensitive to the prosody of their mother’s voice (DeCasper and Fifer, 1980). And humans recognize facial expressions far prior to understanding words (e.g. Kestenbaum and Nelson, 1990). In fact, if infants are to be socialized in their first year or so, this process must occur in the absence of lang ...
The Dynamics of Persuasion
... organized in generally the same way as the first edition. However, in an effort to modernize, reflect the field, and connect with readers, particularly students, I have done much rewriting—actually new writing. Although the format is similar and the skeleton of the '93 book remains, this is, in many ...
... organized in generally the same way as the first edition. However, in an effort to modernize, reflect the field, and connect with readers, particularly students, I have done much rewriting—actually new writing. Although the format is similar and the skeleton of the '93 book remains, this is, in many ...
Full Text - University of British Columbia
... to salient goals, or information that defies one’s understanding of the world may all elicit the same arousal, signaling to the individual that something is not as expected (Proulx & Inzlicht, 2012). The MMM argues that people are motivated to dispel the arousal by resolving it through accommodation ...
... to salient goals, or information that defies one’s understanding of the world may all elicit the same arousal, signaling to the individual that something is not as expected (Proulx & Inzlicht, 2012). The MMM argues that people are motivated to dispel the arousal by resolving it through accommodation ...
Self-Centered Social Exchange: Differential Use of
... In economic exchanges, the value of a consumer good or service is explicitly stated on a price tag or directly negotiated between buyers and sellers. The economic exchange rate— how much a person needs to pay in return for the good or service—is therefore relatively clear. In social exchanges, howev ...
... In economic exchanges, the value of a consumer good or service is explicitly stated on a price tag or directly negotiated between buyers and sellers. The economic exchange rate— how much a person needs to pay in return for the good or service—is therefore relatively clear. In social exchanges, howev ...
The behavioral economics guide 2016
... heuristics in psychology and behavioral economics. Yet in their heuristics-and-biases program, heuristics unfortunately became linked to bias and systematic error. Other behavioral economists working in this tradition tell us that people are not only irrational, but predictably irrational; that they ...
... heuristics in psychology and behavioral economics. Yet in their heuristics-and-biases program, heuristics unfortunately became linked to bias and systematic error. Other behavioral economists working in this tradition tell us that people are not only irrational, but predictably irrational; that they ...
The Malleability of Automatic - Homepages | The University of
... years later, Devine (1989) demonstrated that even subliminally presented cues could activate stereotypes, and furthermore, those activated stereotypes could influence interpersonal judgments. Today, over 100 studies have documented that Whites have automatic negative associations with Blacks (or oth ...
... years later, Devine (1989) demonstrated that even subliminally presented cues could activate stereotypes, and furthermore, those activated stereotypes could influence interpersonal judgments. Today, over 100 studies have documented that Whites have automatic negative associations with Blacks (or oth ...
www.ssoar.info The psychology of counterfactual thinking
... Contrast Effects Counterfactual thoughts may influence emotions and judgments by way of a contrast effect, which is based on the juxtaposition of reality versus what might have been. For example, winning $50 feels nice, but if one came close to winning $100 instead of $50, it does not feel quite as ...
... Contrast Effects Counterfactual thoughts may influence emotions and judgments by way of a contrast effect, which is based on the juxtaposition of reality versus what might have been. For example, winning $50 feels nice, but if one came close to winning $100 instead of $50, it does not feel quite as ...
Stereotypes about Chicanas and Chicanos
... Chicanas/os. It also does not distinguish between Hispanics of different ethnic backgrounds. Consequently, most of this literature refers to Hispanics and not specifically to Chicanas/os. However, because Chicanas/os are the largest Hispanic group in the United States (García & Marotta, 1997) and be ...
... Chicanas/os. It also does not distinguish between Hispanics of different ethnic backgrounds. Consequently, most of this literature refers to Hispanics and not specifically to Chicanas/os. However, because Chicanas/os are the largest Hispanic group in the United States (García & Marotta, 1997) and be ...
Rhodes et al. Developmental Science
... properties that category members all share (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). Yet, essentialism reflects a biased, inaccurate picture of the world; most categories have no real essences (Leslie, 2013; Mayr, 1991), species change over time in ways that essentialist thinking does not allow (Gelman & Rhodes, 201 ...
... properties that category members all share (Gelman & Kalish, 2006). Yet, essentialism reflects a biased, inaccurate picture of the world; most categories have no real essences (Leslie, 2013; Mayr, 1991), species change over time in ways that essentialist thinking does not allow (Gelman & Rhodes, 201 ...
Comparing the Active and on-Active Leisure
... Cantril, 1947). More specifically, social judgment theory (Sherif & Cantril, 1947) assumes that people’s existing attitudes refer to lenses through which to judge new messages. The more involved individuals are with an attitude or an activity the less likely they are to accept new ideas or messages. ...
... Cantril, 1947). More specifically, social judgment theory (Sherif & Cantril, 1947) assumes that people’s existing attitudes refer to lenses through which to judge new messages. The more involved individuals are with an attitude or an activity the less likely they are to accept new ideas or messages. ...
Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm
... lawyers. Across the three experiments, they performed a total of 83 analyses, and only 1 revealed a significant effect of exposure to disparagement humor relative to exposure to neutral humor or nonhumorous disparagement. Exposure to disparagement humor simply did not affect the content or accessibi ...
... lawyers. Across the three experiments, they performed a total of 83 analyses, and only 1 revealed a significant effect of exposure to disparagement humor relative to exposure to neutral humor or nonhumorous disparagement. Exposure to disparagement humor simply did not affect the content or accessibi ...
Begue_Alcohol and ag.. - Lorraine et Sébastien Tournyol du Clos
... requires a conscious override to consider more accurately one’s character and skills (Swann et al., 1992). They showed that inebriation inflated evaluation on central dimensions of self for which individuals had acknowledged that there was a discrepancy between their real self and their ideal self. ...
... requires a conscious override to consider more accurately one’s character and skills (Swann et al., 1992). They showed that inebriation inflated evaluation on central dimensions of self for which individuals had acknowledged that there was a discrepancy between their real self and their ideal self. ...
Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura OC (/bænˈdʊərə/; born December 4, 1925) is a psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. For almost six decades, he has been responsible for contributions to the field of education and to many fields of psychology, including social cognitive theory, therapy and personality psychology, and was also influential in the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. He is known as the originator of social learning theory and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment.Social learning theory is how people learn through observing others. An example of social learning theory would be the students imitating the teacher. Self-efficacy is ""the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations."" To paraphrase, self-efficiacy is believing in yourself to take action. The Bobo Doll Experiment was how Albert Bandura studied aggression and non-aggression in children.A 2002 survey ranked Bandura as the fourth most-frequently cited psychologist of all time, behind B. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget, and as the most cited living one. Bandura is widely described as the greatest living psychologist, and as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.In 1974 Bandura was elected to be the Eighty-Second President of the American Psychological Association (APA). He was one of the youngest president-elects in the history of the APA at the age of 48. Bandura served as a member of the APA Board of Scientific Affairs from 1968 to 1970 and is well known as a member of the editorial board of nine psychology journals including the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology from 1963 to 1972. At the age of 82, Bandura was awarded the Grawemeyer Award for psychology.