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Can Heritable Epigenetic Variation Aid Speciation?
Can Heritable Epigenetic Variation Aid Speciation?

... phenotypic variation becomes fixed by secondary genetic control, e.g., after deamination of methylated cytosine to thymine [13, 47]). Thus, heritable epigenetic variation could pave the way for genetic adaptation. The epigenetic sources of variation can be stochastic epimutations, but a major part o ...
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction

... • The offspring will have hereditary material uniform with the hereditary material of the parent organism. This means they will be genetically identical. ...
Lesson 5
Lesson 5

... some organisms produce spores which will  grow into new organisms through mitosis ...
- roar@UEL - University of East London
- roar@UEL - University of East London

... estimates, statistical power in GWAS, and the ambiguity in modern behaviour genetics about the sources of non-genetic influence, particularly the concept of the “non-shared environment” ...
This week in science 6th - Reproduction
This week in science 6th - Reproduction

... eukaryotes. In binary fission, the living cell divides into two cells each of which is genetically identical to the original cell. Spores are unicellular and are produced by eukaryotic organisms such as, some plants, fungi, and some microorganisms. In budding the offspring grows out of the body of t ...
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the role of soft inheritance
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the role of soft inheritance

... estimates, statistical power in GWAS, and the ambiguity in modern behaviour genetics about the sources of non-genetic influence, particularly the concept of the “non-shared environment” ...
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

... for reproduction called gametes. The cell division process of meiosis creates these special cells. Males produce games called sperm and females produce gametes called eggs. These cells are different from all other cells in the body in that they only have half as many genes. This difference is an imp ...
Infection elevates diversity - Aneil Agrawal
Infection elevates diversity - Aneil Agrawal

... genetically distinct from their parents. Through the process of recombination, which occurs as sperm and egg cells (gametes) are produced, a parent can mix the two copies of a given chromosome received from its own parents, thus transmitting unique chromosomes to its offspring. Writing in Science, S ...
Meiosis
Meiosis

... Male reaches under his mantle with tentacle, removes packet of sperm, and insert it into female’s egg chamber ...
File
File

... 5.2.U5 Individuals that are better adapted tend to survive and produce more offspring while the less well adapted tend to die or produce fewer offspring. ...
Document
Document

... • Assumptions of Lack’s hypothesis – Only effect of clutch size on offspring is determining whether offspring survive – Schluter and Gustafsson added or removed eggs from collared flycatcher nests – When those offspring had their own clutches, the ones from clutches that had been augmented produced ...
Notes Sexual - Weiss World of Science
Notes Sexual - Weiss World of Science

... In internal fertilization, sperm and egg join _________ parents, embryo is nourished inside _________ Advantages: Embryo ___________ from predators Offspring more likely to survive, as many species will _________ them while they mature Disadvantages: Much more __________ required to find mate ______ ...
Methods of Reproduction
Methods of Reproduction

... which females produce eggs that develop without fertilization. • Parthenogenesis is seen to occur naturally in some invertebrates, along with several fish, amphibians, and reptiles as well as in many plants. • There are no known cases of parthenogenesis in mammals. ...
TOPIC: REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
TOPIC: REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

... • Binary Fission: Paramecium, Amoeba An exact genetic copy is made with the cytoplasm dividing equally. ...
Advanced Ecology (second part)
Advanced Ecology (second part)

... Trade-offs are a pervasive feature of life; no organism can be superior in every aspect. A common trade-off is that between growth and reproduction: Changes that increase growth often result in declines in reproduction and vice versa. The following simulation exercise illustrates this growth/reprodu ...
Weismann Rules! OK? Epigenetics and the Lamarckian temptation
Weismann Rules! OK? Epigenetics and the Lamarckian temptation

... could not have evolved through the inheritance of the effects of use and disuse. Thus, Weismann argued that the intricate exoskeletons of insects could not have evolved by the effects of use and disuse, because the exoskeleton acquired its final, non-living form before becoming functional and could the ...
Biology B Midterm I Review Name: Period: ____ Standard 1
Biology B Midterm I Review Name: Period: ____ Standard 1

... Scenario Practice #2 There are 13 types of Galapagos finches, also known as Darwin's Finches, and they share the same habits and characteristics except for one, and they all have different beaks. The differences in their beaks might be the most important aspect of their survival. In 1977, a large dr ...
Prenatal Development
Prenatal Development

...  Low-birth-weight, prematurity, stunted growth, retardation of brain development, cognitive deficiencies, behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease  Some effects of fetal malnutrition can be overcome by supportive, care-giving environments  Maternal obesity  Linked to higher risk of still-birt ...
Evolution and Mutation Selection Gizmo
Evolution and Mutation Selection Gizmo

... you think the hawk would then most likely try to catch? Why? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants

... you think the hawk would then most likely try to catch? Why? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ...
Sex repro
Sex repro

... In internal fertilization, sperm and egg join inside parents, embryo is nourished inside mother ...
Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Mutation and Selection

... Move the Sim. speed slider all the way to the left. Click Play, and then click Pause when all the offspring are visible. Write the generation number and the average fitness of all the offspring in the first two spaces of the table below. Next, click Play, and then click Pause immediately after the b ...
4-2 outline answers asexual reproduction
4-2 outline answers asexual reproduction

... 7. Cloning is a type of asexual reproduction developed by scientists and performed in laboratories. It produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism. ...
File - Hoblitzell`s Science Spot
File - Hoblitzell`s Science Spot

... Move the Sim. speed slider all the way to the left. Click Play, and then click Pause when all the offspring are visible. Write the generation number and the average fitness of all the offspring in the first two spaces of the table below. Next, click Play, and then click Pause immediately after the b ...
Types of Reproduction PowerPoint
Types of Reproduction PowerPoint

... • To make sure a species can continue. • Reproduction is the process by which an organism produces others of the same kind. ...
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Maternal effect



This article concerns the legitimate scientific concept of genes that are expressed only when carried by the female parent. It is not to be confused with the generally discredited theory of maternal impression.A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from the genotype of the mother, irrespective of its own genotype, often due to the mother supplying mRNA or proteins to the egg. Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent of genotype, sometimes controlling the size, sex, or behaviour of the offspring. These adaptive maternal effects lead to phenotypes of offspring that increase their fitness. Further, it introduces the concept of phenotypic plasticity, an important evolutionary concept. It has been proposed that maternal effects are important for the evolution of adaptive responses to environmental heterogeneity.
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