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PhysExam2Rev
PhysExam2Rev

... When trying to determine a population’s ancestry, why is it usually best to look at only those traits that are not strongly affected by natural selection? According to the most recent archaeological, genetic, and palaeoenvironmental research, from where did Native Americans originate? In simple term ...
Ancient DNA and Human Evolution
Ancient DNA and Human Evolution

... Advanced molecular methods have revealed a startling fact - that our bodies are not merely ourselves. Microorganisms comprise more than half of our cells, contain 99% of our genes, and perform vital functions in digestion, immunity, and homeostasis. Yet while we have made great strides in revealing ...
RG 15 - Mechanisms of Evolution
RG 15 - Mechanisms of Evolution

... 5. Define adaptation. 6. Explain how artificial selection shed light on Darwin’s understanding of natural selection. 7. What is the difference(s) between natural selection and adaptation? 8. Why is genetic drift more apparent in small populations? 9. Explain population bottleneck. 10. Explain founde ...
OMB No. 0925-0046, Biographical Sketch Format Page
OMB No. 0925-0046, Biographical Sketch Format Page

... reconstruct the demographic and evolutionary history of Native American populations. In particular, we are interested in how early events in human prehistory (such as the initial peopling of the Americas) as well as more recent historical events (such as European contact/colonialism) shaped the patt ...
Human Complex Trait Genetics in the 21st Century
Human Complex Trait Genetics in the 21st Century

... samples have been genotyped using such arrays to study the genetic basis of complex traits such as common disease and quantitative traits, which has led to the discovery of many thousands of genes, gene variants, and biological pathways that are associated with one or more complex traits (Visscher e ...
– Collaborative format 3
– Collaborative format 3

... developed state - of - the art facilities and expertise to study the genetic composition of the Indian populations from various classical human biological/genetic markers to the latest molecular markers at the genomic level. An.S.I. has an adequate infrastructure as well as the technical expertise t ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... “closely related” when compared to people of different races • the families metaphor of race is misleading, • the “breed” metaphor is inapposite ...
Processes that Cause Evolution
Processes that Cause Evolution

... • Natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow (#3-5) ...
WINK Natural Selection
WINK Natural Selection

... WINK SHEET— Natural Selection Theme: Biological evolution occurs primarily when natural selection acts on the genetic variation in a population and changes the distribution of traits in that population over multiple generations. ...
Natural selection can only occur in the presence of
Natural selection can only occur in the presence of

... individuals can be caused by non-genetic reasons, such as an individual being taller due to better nutrition rather than different genes. Genetic diversity within a population comes from two main mechanisms: mutation and sexual reproduction. Mutation, a change in the DNA sequence, is the ultimate so ...
DNA Essay Research Paper DNAAfter staying on
DNA Essay Research Paper DNAAfter staying on

Syllabus: Advanced Topics in Biology: Population Genetics and
Syllabus: Advanced Topics in Biology: Population Genetics and

... Basic Structure: T/R 8:00AM-9:20 AM Class will include lecture and reading/discussion. One midterm, two written assignments and one final. Potentially homeworks and quizzes. Prerequisites: Biol 201 & 202 Lecture will introduce this subject and set up the questions that are discussed in the paper(s) ...
Syllabus: Advanced Topics in Biology: Population Genetics and
Syllabus: Advanced Topics in Biology: Population Genetics and

... C. D. Jones. Basic Structure: T/R 8:00AM-9:20 AM Class will include lecture and reading/discussion. One midterm, two written assignments and one final. Potentially homeworks and quizzes. Prerequisites: Biol 201 & 202 Lecture will introduce this subject and set up the questions that are discussed in ...
Research Paper
Research Paper

... The concept of race is a very intriguing and complex subject, and it is ever changing. According to John H. Relethford, author of The Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology, race “is a group of populations that share some biological characteristics….These populations differ from other groups of pop ...
Natural Selection - Teacher **DRAFT
Natural Selection - Teacher **DRAFT

... the gene pool—the total collection of alleles (alternate forms of a gene) in a population at any one time. Microevolution occurs when the relative frequency of alleles in a population changes over ...
summary: the science of genealogy by genetics
summary: the science of genealogy by genetics

... her mother and parts from her father. The same will apply to autosomes we inherited from our father. As a result we cannot represent the ancestry of a whole autosomal chromosome as a simple genealogical tree (as we can with the mitochondrial DNA or the Y-chromosome). Methods do exist for analysing g ...
File - Hanna Biology
File - Hanna Biology

... _______________________________ a new area. The gene pools of these populations are often very different from those of the larger populations. ...
`next` – natural selection – Read
`next` – natural selection – Read

... 1. What is biological evolution? 2. How does small-scale evolution differ to large-scale evolution? http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_14 Mechanisms: …by which selective forces can act on genetic variation in order for evolution to occur ‘next’ – descent with modification: 3. Which ...
Chapter 19 Power Point Slides
Chapter 19 Power Point Slides

... derived from African populations **Colors correspond to major continental regions. ...
Evolution Exam Review
Evolution Exam Review

... • Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time. *Remember – individuals don’t evolove • Descent with modification • Evolution only occurs when there is a change in gene frequency within a population over time. These genetic differences are heritable and can be passed on to the next generat ...
Population evolution
Population evolution

... Recombination forms new combinations of alleles. – usually occurs during meiosis – parents’ alleles arranged in new ways in gametes ...
Can a population of animals continue to reproduce without
Can a population of animals continue to reproduce without

... Can a population of animals continue to reproduce without limit? ...
File
File

... • There are two types of sexual selection. – intrasexual selection: competition among males – intersexual selection: males display certain traits to ...
Internet Assignment: Evolutionary Change
Internet Assignment: Evolutionary Change

... 11. How does reproduction in which there is a preferred mate (non-random mating) affect the gene pool ...
8.0-Other Mechanisms of Evolution
8.0-Other Mechanisms of Evolution

... evolve into different species ...
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Race and genetics

The relationship between race and genetics is relevant to the controversy concerning race classification. In everyday life many societies classify populations into groups based on phenotypical traits and impressions of probable geographic ancestry and socio-economic status - these are the groups we tend to call ""races"". Because the patterns of variation of human genetic traits are clinal, with a gradual change in trait frequency between population clusters, it is possible to statistically correlate clusters of physical traits with individual geographic ancestry. The frequencies of alleles tend to form clusters where populations live closely together and interact over periods of time. This is due to endogamy within kin groups and lineages or national, cultural or linguistic boundaries. This causes genetic clusters to correlate statistically with population groups when a number of alleles are evaluated. Different clines align around the different centers, resulting in more complex variations than those observed comparing continental groups.For example if a person has light skin, light hair and blue eyes, a combination of traits that seems to have evolved in Northern Europe and is found at a high frequency there, it is probable that person has some recent European ancestry. And by extension, according to the racial categories in use in North America that person is likely to be classified by others, and to self-identify, as ""white"". In a similar way, Genetic analysis enables us to determine the geographic ancestry of a person pinpointing the migrational history of a person's ancestors with a high degree of accuracy, and by inference the probable racial category into which they will be classified in a given society. In that way there is a distinct statistical correlation between gene frequencies and racial categories. However, because all populations are genetically diverse, and because there is a complex relation between ancestry, genetic makeup and phenotype, and because racial categories are based on subjective evaluations of the traits, it is not the case that there are any specific genes, that can be used to determine a person's race.Research in genetics offers a means to classify humans which is more precise than broad phenotypically based racial categories, given that genetics can provide a much more complex analysis of individual genetic makeup and geographic ancestry, than self identified membership of a racial category. With a blood transfusion, for example, it is vital to know the genetically determined blood type of the donor and recipient, but it is not helpful to know their respective geographic ancestries. Most physical anthropologists consider race to be primarily a social category that does not correspond significantly with biological variation, but some anthropologists, particularly forensic anthropologists, consider race a useful biological category. They argue that it is possible to determine race from physical remains with a reasonable degree of certainty; what is identified is the geographic phenotype. Medical practitioners also sometimes argue that racial categories can be used successfully as proxies to assess risk of those different heritable illnesses that occur with different frequencies among populations of different geographic ancestries. Others argue that this use may be problematic because it risks underestimating risks of individuals from ethno-racial categories that are not considered high-risk, and to overestimate the risk in populations that are, resulting in stigmatization.
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