observations of total internal reflection at a natural super
... an arbutus leaf has enabled a quantitative evaluation of an effect that has been observed in several other naturally-occurring super-hydrophobic systems. When the super-hydrophobic properties of the lotus leaf first were first understood, a wide range of biomimetic research ensued, including develop ...
... an arbutus leaf has enabled a quantitative evaluation of an effect that has been observed in several other naturally-occurring super-hydrophobic systems. When the super-hydrophobic properties of the lotus leaf first were first understood, a wide range of biomimetic research ensued, including develop ...
Electrochemistry
... and oxidation processes are carried out in two separate vessels called half-cells. Daniel Cell: It consists of two half-cells. The left hand half-cell contains a zinc metal electrode dipped in ZnSo4 solution. The half-cell on the right hand side consists of Cu metal electrode in a solution of CuSo4. ...
... and oxidation processes are carried out in two separate vessels called half-cells. Daniel Cell: It consists of two half-cells. The left hand half-cell contains a zinc metal electrode dipped in ZnSo4 solution. The half-cell on the right hand side consists of Cu metal electrode in a solution of CuSo4. ...
Laboratory Practices from Physical Chemistry
... 13 Determination of acidity constant of weak acid using conductivity measurements ........... 28 15.1 Quinhydrone electrode ..................................................................................................... 33 15.2 Fe3+/Fe2+ electrode ............................................ ...
... 13 Determination of acidity constant of weak acid using conductivity measurements ........... 28 15.1 Quinhydrone electrode ..................................................................................................... 33 15.2 Fe3+/Fe2+ electrode ............................................ ...
Enhanced localization of Dyakonov-like surface waves in left
... unique properties: they are hybrid waves, i.e., they can not be decoupled into either TE or TM modes, and they only exist for a well-defined range of orientations of the optical axis with respect to the propagation direction, hereafter referred to as the angular existence window. However, the angula ...
... unique properties: they are hybrid waves, i.e., they can not be decoupled into either TE or TM modes, and they only exist for a well-defined range of orientations of the optical axis with respect to the propagation direction, hereafter referred to as the angular existence window. However, the angula ...
Individually Addressable Submicron Scale Light
... fabricated into five parallel and separate fingers with widths down to 0.9 µm and lengths of several mm. A Ga:In tip controlled by a micrometer was employed as a liftable electrode. Since the Ga:In alloy does not wet the film surface well, it was quite easy to make contact within a radius of a few t ...
... fabricated into five parallel and separate fingers with widths down to 0.9 µm and lengths of several mm. A Ga:In tip controlled by a micrometer was employed as a liftable electrode. Since the Ga:In alloy does not wet the film surface well, it was quite easy to make contact within a radius of a few t ...
The Electrical Capacitance Diaphragm Manometer.
... photographed by means of a cathode-ray tube. Sensitivity control is obtained by the use of an inverse feed-back network in the amplifier. The range of sensitivity is from a maximum of one mm Hg per inch of cathode-ray tube spot deflection to any desired minimum. The approximate cut-off frequency of ...
... photographed by means of a cathode-ray tube. Sensitivity control is obtained by the use of an inverse feed-back network in the amplifier. The range of sensitivity is from a maximum of one mm Hg per inch of cathode-ray tube spot deflection to any desired minimum. The approximate cut-off frequency of ...
Wide-field extended-resolution fluorescence
... evanescent waves, which essentially carry the high spatial frequency information, thereby improving the imaging resolution. However, a limitation of this approach is that the detection must be done in the near-field [2]. Recent work demonstrated that far-field detection is possible with periodic cor ...
... evanescent waves, which essentially carry the high spatial frequency information, thereby improving the imaging resolution. However, a limitation of this approach is that the detection must be done in the near-field [2]. Recent work demonstrated that far-field detection is possible with periodic cor ...
A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid
... waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To detect these waves, we need to find other ways, which also could provide valuable physical insight. Monochromatic laser l ...
... waves with the naked eye. Sophisticated modern-day cameras can detect these small-wavelength waves, but such cameras are expensive and not readily available to undergraduates. To detect these waves, we need to find other ways, which also could provide valuable physical insight. Monochromatic laser l ...
Transversal ultrasonic probe
... The local strain perturbation induced by the contact between a tip and a plate is investigated with an optical heterodyne interferometer as symmetric S0 and antisymmetric A0 Lamb waves are propagated in the bulk of the plate. Elasto-optic disturbance analysis is carried out for each mode and compari ...
... The local strain perturbation induced by the contact between a tip and a plate is investigated with an optical heterodyne interferometer as symmetric S0 and antisymmetric A0 Lamb waves are propagated in the bulk of the plate. Elasto-optic disturbance analysis is carried out for each mode and compari ...
Nonconfocal Differential Interferometry Sensing Scheme for
... of the cantilever consists of using optical interferometry,1–6) capacitance,7,8) point-contact current-imaging,9) beam deflection,10–14) and magnetoresistive head.15) Constructing the force-sensing cantilever/tip device is a major task for the force microscope. Many chemistries and metallic modified c ...
... of the cantilever consists of using optical interferometry,1–6) capacitance,7,8) point-contact current-imaging,9) beam deflection,10–14) and magnetoresistive head.15) Constructing the force-sensing cantilever/tip device is a major task for the force microscope. Many chemistries and metallic modified c ...
... function is obtained by summing over the contributions of all paths that are weighted with the appropriate distribution of paths as a function of the slab’s geometry. We use an optical arrangement for DWS in transmission geometry, as shown in Ref. [11]. The intensity autocorrelation function g (2) ( ...
Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through
... goes back and forth several times inside the hole, building up coherent constructive interference in the forward direction much as would occur in electron resonant tunneling. As we consider larger h, tres increases, while trad , being a property of an isolated interface, essentially remains constant ...
... goes back and forth several times inside the hole, building up coherent constructive interference in the forward direction much as would occur in electron resonant tunneling. As we consider larger h, tres increases, while trad , being a property of an isolated interface, essentially remains constant ...
A high resolution ion microscope for cold atoms
... on a camera. However, the cloud is destroyed by this method. The destruction can be suppressed when using the related method of phase contrast imaging, allowing to image the same cloud several times [6], yet at a reduced contrast. For non-destructive imaging of dilute samples with single atom sensit ...
... on a camera. However, the cloud is destroyed by this method. The destruction can be suppressed when using the related method of phase contrast imaging, allowing to image the same cloud several times [6], yet at a reduced contrast. For non-destructive imaging of dilute samples with single atom sensit ...
From near-field optics to optical antennas
... of single-molecule biophysics. Ironically, shortly after Betzig’s breakthrough experiment, researchers realized that ordinary light microscopy can also detect the fluorescence from single molecules, and most of today’s single-molecule studies no longer rely on near-field optics. Nevertheless, near-f ...
... of single-molecule biophysics. Ironically, shortly after Betzig’s breakthrough experiment, researchers realized that ordinary light microscopy can also detect the fluorescence from single molecules, and most of today’s single-molecule studies no longer rely on near-field optics. Nevertheless, near-f ...
PDF
... In principle, the polarization direction in FCPM or Fast FCPM can be changed by mechanical rotation of a polarizer which is inserted in the common path for excitation and emission light. However, despite its simplicity, this approach has some disadvantages: 1) the excitation intensity may vary with ...
... In principle, the polarization direction in FCPM or Fast FCPM can be changed by mechanical rotation of a polarizer which is inserted in the common path for excitation and emission light. However, despite its simplicity, this approach has some disadvantages: 1) the excitation intensity may vary with ...
〈541〉 TITRIMETRY
... Complexometric Titrations—Successful complexometric titrations depend on several factors. The equilibrium constant for formation of the titrant-analyte complex must be sufficiently large that, at the endpoint, very close to 100% of the analyte has been complexed. The final complex must be formed rap ...
... Complexometric Titrations—Successful complexometric titrations depend on several factors. The equilibrium constant for formation of the titrant-analyte complex must be sufficiently large that, at the endpoint, very close to 100% of the analyte has been complexed. The final complex must be formed rap ...
Brownian motion of a colloidal particle immersed in a polymeric
... function is obtained by summing over the contributions of all paths that are weighted with the appropriate distribution of paths as a function of the slab’s geometry. We use an optical arrangement for DWS in transmission geometry, as shown in Ref. [11]. The intensity autocorrelation function g (2) ( ...
... function is obtained by summing over the contributions of all paths that are weighted with the appropriate distribution of paths as a function of the slab’s geometry. We use an optical arrangement for DWS in transmission geometry, as shown in Ref. [11]. The intensity autocorrelation function g (2) ( ...
Scanning Electron Microscope - i-Explore International Research
... size of the aperture. And third, the probe convergence angle α controls the depth of field. Smaller the angle α greater is the depth of field. Spot size in SEM is minimized at the expense of current. The general approach in SEM is to minimize the probe diameter and maximize the probe current. The mi ...
... size of the aperture. And third, the probe convergence angle α controls the depth of field. Smaller the angle α greater is the depth of field. Spot size in SEM is minimized at the expense of current. The general approach in SEM is to minimize the probe diameter and maximize the probe current. The mi ...
〈541〉 TITRIMETRY
... Direct Titrations—Direct titration is the treatment of a soluble substance, contained in solution in a suitable vessel (the titrate), with an appropriate standardized solution (the titrant), the endpoint being determined instrumentally or visually with the aid of a suitable indicator. The titrant is ...
... Direct Titrations—Direct titration is the treatment of a soluble substance, contained in solution in a suitable vessel (the titrate), with an appropriate standardized solution (the titrant), the endpoint being determined instrumentally or visually with the aid of a suitable indicator. The titrant is ...
The wide blue yonder
... (193nm) would seem to be out of the range of semiconductor laser systems for now, although some of the older microlithographies based on bulky, high-voltage, incoherent mercury lamps, such as i- and g-line (365nm and 436nm, respectively), are in range. An alternative in the short-wavelength sphere i ...
... (193nm) would seem to be out of the range of semiconductor laser systems for now, although some of the older microlithographies based on bulky, high-voltage, incoherent mercury lamps, such as i- and g-line (365nm and 436nm, respectively), are in range. An alternative in the short-wavelength sphere i ...
An adaptive liquid lens with radial interdigitated
... inhomogeneous electric field is required. Such an inhomogeneous electric field in a liquid lens cell can be obtained by two methods. One is to apply a voltage across both substrates [23]. If the electrode on both substrates is continuously flat without patterning, a non-uniform electric field is obtaine ...
... inhomogeneous electric field is required. Such an inhomogeneous electric field in a liquid lens cell can be obtained by two methods. One is to apply a voltage across both substrates [23]. If the electrode on both substrates is continuously flat without patterning, a non-uniform electric field is obtaine ...
Surface Plasmon Polaritons Excited By Electromagnetic Waves
... General electromagnetic boundary conditions allow for non-zero surface charge and nonzero surface current densities [1, 2]. The only underlying assumption for such general boundary conditions is that there are no magnetic monopoles. However, in many applications, especially in optics, boundary condi ...
... General electromagnetic boundary conditions allow for non-zero surface charge and nonzero surface current densities [1, 2]. The only underlying assumption for such general boundary conditions is that there are no magnetic monopoles. However, in many applications, especially in optics, boundary condi ...
Profilometer - Department of Mechanical Engineering
... Contact Profilometer • Advantages & Disadvantages Acceptance & Easy to Use Surface Independence Resolution : The stylus tip radius can be as small as 20 nanometres Direct Technique : No modelling required. Not suitable for very soft (or even liquid) and easily damageable surface Very ha ...
... Contact Profilometer • Advantages & Disadvantages Acceptance & Easy to Use Surface Independence Resolution : The stylus tip radius can be as small as 20 nanometres Direct Technique : No modelling required. Not suitable for very soft (or even liquid) and easily damageable surface Very ha ...
Contribution of Structure and Morphology of Design Constituents to Performance Improvement of Multilayer Polaritonic Photodetector
... approach) were performed with the help of processing AFM-images (Nanoscope III A, Digital Instruments, USA) using Dimension 3000 software and were provided a wide variety of statistics on textured surface, including ACF G(X), rms δ, correlation length σ and fractal parameters. AFM images of the unde ...
... approach) were performed with the help of processing AFM-images (Nanoscope III A, Digital Instruments, USA) using Dimension 3000 software and were provided a wide variety of statistics on textured surface, including ACF G(X), rms δ, correlation length σ and fractal parameters. AFM images of the unde ...
Biosensing under an applied voltage using optical waveguide
... An applied dc voltage offers a means of controlling immobilization during biosensor fabrication and detection during biosensing application. We present a method to directly and continuously measure the adsorption of biomacromolecules or other polyelectrolytes, under an applied potential difference, ...
... An applied dc voltage offers a means of controlling immobilization during biosensor fabrication and detection during biosensing application. We present a method to directly and continuously measure the adsorption of biomacromolecules or other polyelectrolytes, under an applied potential difference, ...