Molecular methods for the detection of human papillomavirus infection
... the hybridization of the target HPV-DNA to labeled RNA probes in solution. The resulting RNA–DNA hybrids are captured onto microtiter wells and are detected by a specific monoclonal antibody and a chemiluminescent substrate; the intensity of the light signal generated is related to the viral load pr ...
... the hybridization of the target HPV-DNA to labeled RNA probes in solution. The resulting RNA–DNA hybrids are captured onto microtiter wells and are detected by a specific monoclonal antibody and a chemiluminescent substrate; the intensity of the light signal generated is related to the viral load pr ...
Full-Text PDF
... 1. Introduction The focus of this review is on changes in cellular morphology during replication of poliovirus, a positive sense (+) RNA virus of approximately 7500 nucleotides. The poliovirus genome is encapsidated in a non-enveloped icosahedral virion, 28–30 nm in diameter [1]. The virion first at ...
... 1. Introduction The focus of this review is on changes in cellular morphology during replication of poliovirus, a positive sense (+) RNA virus of approximately 7500 nucleotides. The poliovirus genome is encapsidated in a non-enveloped icosahedral virion, 28–30 nm in diameter [1]. The virion first at ...
Effects of Host Diversity on Infectious Disease
... These theoretical explorations support empirical observations from a variety of natural and laboratory systems. Monocultures of genetically similar or identical plants are notoriously susceptible to disease spread, whereas genetic mixtures of the same plants are more resistant (Elton 1958, Mundt 200 ...
... These theoretical explorations support empirical observations from a variety of natural and laboratory systems. Monocultures of genetically similar or identical plants are notoriously susceptible to disease spread, whereas genetic mixtures of the same plants are more resistant (Elton 1958, Mundt 200 ...
Presentation: The 2007 Norovirus Season (PDF: 899KB/42 pages)
... • Highly infectious • No long-term immunity • Low infectious dose (10 – 100 viral particles) • All ages at risk of infection • Asymptomatic infection occurs in ~30% of people • More frequent in winter months • Cannot culture the virus ...
... • Highly infectious • No long-term immunity • Low infectious dose (10 – 100 viral particles) • All ages at risk of infection • Asymptomatic infection occurs in ~30% of people • More frequent in winter months • Cannot culture the virus ...
Updates in diagnosis and management of Ebola hemorrhagic fever
... Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a lethal viral disease transmitted by contact with infected people and animals. Ebola infection represents a worldwide health threat causing enormous mortality rates and fatal epidemics. Major concern is pilgrimage seasons with possible transmission to Middle East populati ...
... Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a lethal viral disease transmitted by contact with infected people and animals. Ebola infection represents a worldwide health threat causing enormous mortality rates and fatal epidemics. Major concern is pilgrimage seasons with possible transmission to Middle East populati ...
Antibiotic Stewardship (long)
... ≥105 colony forming units is often used as a diagnostic criteria for a positive urine culture It does NOT prove infection; it is just a number to state that the culture is unlikely due to contamination Pyuria also is not predictive on its own It is the presence of symptoms AND pyuria AND bacteruria ...
... ≥105 colony forming units is often used as a diagnostic criteria for a positive urine culture It does NOT prove infection; it is just a number to state that the culture is unlikely due to contamination Pyuria also is not predictive on its own It is the presence of symptoms AND pyuria AND bacteruria ...
Spread and Control of Rift Valley Fever virus after accidental
... possible introduction of new vector species which may persist in the new area due to climate changes, we studied the transmission possibilities of RVFV after accidental introduction in the Netherlands. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed to study (1) the probability of a RVF outbrea ...
... possible introduction of new vector species which may persist in the new area due to climate changes, we studied the transmission possibilities of RVFV after accidental introduction in the Netherlands. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed to study (1) the probability of a RVF outbrea ...
The role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure
... with 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS; G ibco). Strain P8-2 of BHV-1 was propagated in MDBK cells and quantified by plaque titration in microtitre plates with an antibody overlay as previously described (Rouse & Babiuk, 1974). Glycoproteins gI and gIV were purified from virus-infected cell lysate as pr ...
... with 10 % foetal bovine serum (FBS; G ibco). Strain P8-2 of BHV-1 was propagated in MDBK cells and quantified by plaque titration in microtitre plates with an antibody overlay as previously described (Rouse & Babiuk, 1974). Glycoproteins gI and gIV were purified from virus-infected cell lysate as pr ...
Thesis final for publication-us-18-7-12 2 - eDiss - Georg
... Humaira Naureen for their moral support and care that helped me to overcome setbacks and stay focused on my studies. Thanks for being there in difficult times. Where would I be without my family? My parents deserve special mention for their inseparable love, prayers and especially their confidence i ...
... Humaira Naureen for their moral support and care that helped me to overcome setbacks and stay focused on my studies. Thanks for being there in difficult times. Where would I be without my family? My parents deserve special mention for their inseparable love, prayers and especially their confidence i ...
Imprimir schlundt 20/11/04
... Diarrhoeal diseases, almost all of which are caused by food-borne or waterborne microbial pathogens, are leading causes of illness and death in less developed countries, killing an estimated 1.9 million people annually at the global level. Even in developed countries, it is estimated that up to one ...
... Diarrhoeal diseases, almost all of which are caused by food-borne or waterborne microbial pathogens, are leading causes of illness and death in less developed countries, killing an estimated 1.9 million people annually at the global level. Even in developed countries, it is estimated that up to one ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
... ended in July 2003. During the outbreak, SARS spread to more than two dozen countries in Asia, Europe, and North and South America. According to WHO, more than 8,400 people became ill and 813 died from the 2003 SARS outbreak. In the United States, health officials reported eight cases with lab resul ...
... ended in July 2003. During the outbreak, SARS spread to more than two dozen countries in Asia, Europe, and North and South America. According to WHO, more than 8,400 people became ill and 813 died from the 2003 SARS outbreak. In the United States, health officials reported eight cases with lab resul ...
MODULE 5: Case Classification and Differential Diagnosis
... plasma leakage with/without haemorrhage WHO proposed a dengue case classification system in 2009: • Supported by set of clinical and/or laboratory parameters • Aim to show clear-cut difference between patients with nonsevere versus severe dengue • Classification levels would help clinicians in decis ...
... plasma leakage with/without haemorrhage WHO proposed a dengue case classification system in 2009: • Supported by set of clinical and/or laboratory parameters • Aim to show clear-cut difference between patients with nonsevere versus severe dengue • Classification levels would help clinicians in decis ...
EBOLA Handout - Mountain States Health Alliance
... have had direct contact with someone with Ebola. Persons who may have Ebola are those who have a travel history from Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea AND have a fever or other symptoms. Ebola symptoms include: Fever, severe headache, muscle pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Symptoms can ap ...
... have had direct contact with someone with Ebola. Persons who may have Ebola are those who have a travel history from Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea AND have a fever or other symptoms. Ebola symptoms include: Fever, severe headache, muscle pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Symptoms can ap ...
Practice Bulletin, Number 104, May 2009, Antibiotic Prophylaxis for
... and a prophylactically administered antibiotic is one of the most important determinants of the state of the surgical site. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is based on the belief that antibiotics in the host tissues can augment natural immune-defense mechanisms and help to kill bacteria that are ino ...
... and a prophylactically administered antibiotic is one of the most important determinants of the state of the surgical site. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is based on the belief that antibiotics in the host tissues can augment natural immune-defense mechanisms and help to kill bacteria that are ino ...
Evaluation of a large-scale tuberculosis contact investigation in the Netherlands K. Borgen*
... In early December 2004, the local authorities decided to expand the investigation to include the customers of the supermarket. The number of people eligible for investigation was estimated to be ,23,700 inhabitants, based on a telephone survey in an area of 4.4 km2 around the supermarket. An invitat ...
... In early December 2004, the local authorities decided to expand the investigation to include the customers of the supermarket. The number of people eligible for investigation was estimated to be ,23,700 inhabitants, based on a telephone survey in an area of 4.4 km2 around the supermarket. An invitat ...
Herd-immunity-for-IMCV - International Medical Council on
... Since most vaccines are delivered by injection, the mucous membranes are bypassed and thus blood antibodies are produced but not mucosal antibodies. Mucosal exposure is what contributes to the production of antibodies in the mammary gland. A child’s exposure to the virus while being breastfed by a n ...
... Since most vaccines are delivered by injection, the mucous membranes are bypassed and thus blood antibodies are produced but not mucosal antibodies. Mucosal exposure is what contributes to the production of antibodies in the mammary gland. A child’s exposure to the virus while being breastfed by a n ...
HPE06_ch21_s1
... • These pathogens can be spread from person to person on objects such as • doorknobs • eating utensils • towels • needles used for body piercings and tattoos ...
... • These pathogens can be spread from person to person on objects such as • doorknobs • eating utensils • towels • needles used for body piercings and tattoos ...
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS - east haven fire department
... • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live on our bodies. – Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it. In fact, 25-30% of us have staph bacteria in our noses – But staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut. Once there, it can ...
... • Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live on our bodies. – Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it. In fact, 25-30% of us have staph bacteria in our noses – But staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut. Once there, it can ...
Bacterial Sepsis following Pregnancy
... associated with toxic shock syndromes.5,10,17–20 Recurrent abscess formation, including labial abscesses, is a feature of PVL-producing staphylococci.21 Septicaemic seeding of streptococci from a uterine focus may give rise to a secondary focus in a limb, simulating a venous thrombosis.1,20 Early ne ...
... associated with toxic shock syndromes.5,10,17–20 Recurrent abscess formation, including labial abscesses, is a feature of PVL-producing staphylococci.21 Septicaemic seeding of streptococci from a uterine focus may give rise to a secondary focus in a limb, simulating a venous thrombosis.1,20 Early ne ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.