slides
... Asparagine-Alanine-Asparagine-Proline (NANP) amino acid repeat sequence forms the immunodominant B-cell epitope from P. falciparum CS antigen. This sequence is species-specific, but highly conserved for isolates from each species. ...
... Asparagine-Alanine-Asparagine-Proline (NANP) amino acid repeat sequence forms the immunodominant B-cell epitope from P. falciparum CS antigen. This sequence is species-specific, but highly conserved for isolates from each species. ...
Infectious-diseases
... clear vesicles on the skin, just above the lip. Notice the mauve to pink homogenous intranuclear inclusions in the epithelial cells of the epidermis. This is typical for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The most common sites for Herpes simplex virus infections (either primary or reactivation) a ...
... clear vesicles on the skin, just above the lip. Notice the mauve to pink homogenous intranuclear inclusions in the epithelial cells of the epidermis. This is typical for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The most common sites for Herpes simplex virus infections (either primary or reactivation) a ...
Macrophages participate in host protection and the
... concomitant macrophage behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the macrophage immune response after Leishmania braziliensis infection in cells derived from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) patients, subclinical individuals (SC) and healthy control subjects (HS). ...
... concomitant macrophage behavior. The aim of this study was to characterize the macrophage immune response after Leishmania braziliensis infection in cells derived from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) patients, subclinical individuals (SC) and healthy control subjects (HS). ...
Divergent TLR7 and TLR9 signaling and type I interferon production
... A hallmark of HIV infection is chronic activation of the immune system in association with dysfunction of cellular and humoral immune responses and failure to effectively control virus replication. After HIV infection, turnover rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are elevated, high levels of activation-i ...
... A hallmark of HIV infection is chronic activation of the immune system in association with dysfunction of cellular and humoral immune responses and failure to effectively control virus replication. After HIV infection, turnover rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are elevated, high levels of activation-i ...
Infections in Residents of Nursing Homes
... those aged 65 years and older [12]. Nursing homes, which generally have older and frailer residents, can experience attack rates up to 60% and case fatality rates as high as 55% [13]. Persons with underlying chronic diseases have higher rates of hospitalization and death during influenza epidemics, a ...
... those aged 65 years and older [12]. Nursing homes, which generally have older and frailer residents, can experience attack rates up to 60% and case fatality rates as high as 55% [13]. Persons with underlying chronic diseases have higher rates of hospitalization and death during influenza epidemics, a ...
Typhoid fever: yesterday, today and unfortunately still tomorrow
... form spores. S. typhi can survive for several weeks in food, water and dried sewage. Typhoid fever occurs throughout the world. It is estimated that there are at least 12.5 million cases per annum, of which around 500 000 will prove fatal. This is almost certainly an underestimate, as many cases in ...
... form spores. S. typhi can survive for several weeks in food, water and dried sewage. Typhoid fever occurs throughout the world. It is estimated that there are at least 12.5 million cases per annum, of which around 500 000 will prove fatal. This is almost certainly an underestimate, as many cases in ...
HTLV-1, Immune Response and Autoimmunity
... transcription factor, has also been reported to be altered in patients infected with HTLV-1. FOXP3 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, function, and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Irregularities in the expression of FOXP3 may lead to loss of immune tolerance and ...
... transcription factor, has also been reported to be altered in patients infected with HTLV-1. FOXP3 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, function, and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Irregularities in the expression of FOXP3 may lead to loss of immune tolerance and ...
Cytokine production of RSV/PHA-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear S. Ichinohe , I.R. Hussain
... expression in MNCs at various time points after RSV inoculation. RSV surface antigen positive cells were always v1.0% positive cells within in CD4z, CD8z and CD20z cell populations at both 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in expression between samples with and without RSV. The ratio ...
... expression in MNCs at various time points after RSV inoculation. RSV surface antigen positive cells were always v1.0% positive cells within in CD4z, CD8z and CD20z cell populations at both 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in expression between samples with and without RSV. The ratio ...
Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii induced by DNA
... (TgCDPK3) and evaluated its protective efficacy against T. gondii infection in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding TgCDPK3 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I, and mice were immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 intramuscularly. Results: The results showed that mice immunized with pVA ...
... (TgCDPK3) and evaluated its protective efficacy against T. gondii infection in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding TgCDPK3 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I, and mice were immunized with pVAX-CDPK3 intramuscularly. Results: The results showed that mice immunized with pVA ...
Hemophagoctic Lymphohistiocytosis – Recent Concept Maitreyee Bhattacharyya*, MK Ghosh** Abstract
... and malignancies. The pathological hallmark of the syndrome is aggressive proliferation of macrophages and histiocytes. Decreased NK cell activity results in increased T cell activation resulting production of large quantities of interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and granulocyte ma ...
... and malignancies. The pathological hallmark of the syndrome is aggressive proliferation of macrophages and histiocytes. Decreased NK cell activity results in increased T cell activation resulting production of large quantities of interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and granulocyte ma ...
Acute Liver Failure in Children
... ALF.8,20,21 Recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) helps form a stable clot by establishing complexes with exposed tissue factor, and it also enhances platelet activation.22 The rFVIIa has several advantages over FFP and other blood products. It is a recombinant product, therefore it does not pose an infec ...
... ALF.8,20,21 Recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) helps form a stable clot by establishing complexes with exposed tissue factor, and it also enhances platelet activation.22 The rFVIIa has several advantages over FFP and other blood products. It is a recombinant product, therefore it does not pose an infec ...
Light Forge: A Microfluidic High Throughput Platform for Rapid and
... accelerate protein folding, promote secondary structure formation, reduce protein aggregation, shield hydrophobic surfaces, promote disulfide pairing, and increase folding cooperativity. It is well known that gp120 can accommodate a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of the number and location of gly ...
... accelerate protein folding, promote secondary structure formation, reduce protein aggregation, shield hydrophobic surfaces, promote disulfide pairing, and increase folding cooperativity. It is well known that gp120 can accommodate a remarkable heterogeneity in terms of the number and location of gly ...
Infectious salmon anaemia virus
... Infectious salmon anaemia is an infectious viral disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The disease is caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a negative sense single strand RNA virus. ISA virus is an enveloped virus around 90-130nm in diameter, with a linear genome ~13.5 Kb in l ...
... Infectious salmon anaemia is an infectious viral disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The disease is caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a negative sense single strand RNA virus. ISA virus is an enveloped virus around 90-130nm in diameter, with a linear genome ~13.5 Kb in l ...
Host-Pathogen Interactions
... and bacterial suppressors of these phenotypes. High expression of gene 55.2 affects the topology of plasmids, while low, non-toxic expression prevents depletion of TopA. In addition, sub-lethal concentration of a gyrase inhibitor abolishes the toxic effect of 55.2. We have introduced null mutations ...
... and bacterial suppressors of these phenotypes. High expression of gene 55.2 affects the topology of plasmids, while low, non-toxic expression prevents depletion of TopA. In addition, sub-lethal concentration of a gyrase inhibitor abolishes the toxic effect of 55.2. We have introduced null mutations ...
Increased frequency of detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in asthma G.L. Biscione
... deficient production of IFN-c in response to rhinovirus. IFNc is an antiviral cytokine, which is also known to be important in immune responses to C. pneumoniae infections [19, 20]; it is, therefore, possible that impaired production of IFN-c in response to C. pneumoniae infections in asthma plays a ...
... deficient production of IFN-c in response to rhinovirus. IFNc is an antiviral cytokine, which is also known to be important in immune responses to C. pneumoniae infections [19, 20]; it is, therefore, possible that impaired production of IFN-c in response to C. pneumoniae infections in asthma plays a ...
Tick-Borne Ticks
... blood cells. Symptoms usually appear within a few weeks of infection. Early symptoms may include a sudden high fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, and a general feeling of weakness and fatigue. Typically, the disease is more severe in people with weakened immune system. ...
... blood cells. Symptoms usually appear within a few weeks of infection. Early symptoms may include a sudden high fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, and a general feeling of weakness and fatigue. Typically, the disease is more severe in people with weakened immune system. ...
Contact Investigation - Mayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis
... • Determined by how much time the contact spent with the index patient during the infectious period ...
... • Determined by how much time the contact spent with the index patient during the infectious period ...
ANTIBODY TITERS VACCINATION VACCINATION
... When interpreting antibody titers, a few facts must be clear: 1. The only true test of protective immunity involves exposure (challenge) to a virulent pathogen in which nonvaccinates (controls) are infected and manifest clinical illness while vaccinated animals remain healthy. Animal vaccines are li ...
... When interpreting antibody titers, a few facts must be clear: 1. The only true test of protective immunity involves exposure (challenge) to a virulent pathogen in which nonvaccinates (controls) are infected and manifest clinical illness while vaccinated animals remain healthy. Animal vaccines are li ...
Classical swine fever virus replicon particles: A versatile and robust
... based on live attenuated viruses that were obtained by using related viruses from other host species [2]. In the vaccinee as a non-natural host, these vaccine viruses typically induce a protective immunity but no disease. A famous example is the small pox vaccine [2, 4]. Alternatively, live attenuat ...
... based on live attenuated viruses that were obtained by using related viruses from other host species [2]. In the vaccinee as a non-natural host, these vaccine viruses typically induce a protective immunity but no disease. A famous example is the small pox vaccine [2, 4]. Alternatively, live attenuat ...
Electron cryomicroscopy of single particles at
... Single-particle reconstructions are generally divided into two categories: icosahedral particles and non-icosahedral particles. Typically, the resolution-limiting factor in single-particle reconstruction is the high noise levels present in the particle images due to dose limitations. As resolution i ...
... Single-particle reconstructions are generally divided into two categories: icosahedral particles and non-icosahedral particles. Typically, the resolution-limiting factor in single-particle reconstruction is the high noise levels present in the particle images due to dose limitations. As resolution i ...
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... Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) for outdoor spills and when assistance with blood spill cleanup is needed; telephone 335-3041 during business hours and 911 during ...
... Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) for outdoor spills and when assistance with blood spill cleanup is needed; telephone 335-3041 during business hours and 911 during ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.