Hepatitis B Virology and Immunology
... time as HBsAg and disappears before HBsAg disappears. The presence of HBeAg in chronic infection is generally taken to indicate that HBV is actively reproducing and there is a higher probability of liver damage. In acute infection HBeAg is generally only transiently present. However mutant strains o ...
... time as HBsAg and disappears before HBsAg disappears. The presence of HBeAg in chronic infection is generally taken to indicate that HBV is actively reproducing and there is a higher probability of liver damage. In acute infection HBeAg is generally only transiently present. However mutant strains o ...
Co-Infection
... • Treatment options are available for both B & C however only C can be cured • Side effects of current treatments require good nursing ...
... • Treatment options are available for both B & C however only C can be cured • Side effects of current treatments require good nursing ...
DNA viruses: Adeno-, Pox-Papilloma
... • It is caused by JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system after a primary infection. • Most primary infections are asymptomatic or mild infection after which the virus remains latent in brain cells ...
... • It is caused by JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system after a primary infection. • Most primary infections are asymptomatic or mild infection after which the virus remains latent in brain cells ...
Biology: Immune System Study Guide
... 4. Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called _______________________. 5. What are some human uses for bacteria? 6. The outer protein coat of a virus is called a ___________________. 7. All viruses are made of proteins an ...
... 4. Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called _______________________. 5. What are some human uses for bacteria? 6. The outer protein coat of a virus is called a ___________________. 7. All viruses are made of proteins an ...
HERPESVIRIDAE
... Students should be able to: • describe the differing immune-complex or dysfunction diseases associated with these viruses: Visna Maedi and caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus, equine infectious anaemia, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), bovine immunodeficiency virus. • compare and contrast the d ...
... Students should be able to: • describe the differing immune-complex or dysfunction diseases associated with these viruses: Visna Maedi and caprine arthritis/encephalitis virus, equine infectious anaemia, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), bovine immunodeficiency virus. • compare and contrast the d ...
Microbiology 2 - Viral disease
... It is more complex than other retroviruses as it has extra regulatory genes. Transmission: sexual, intravenous drug abuse, mother to baby, contaminated blood products The virus binds cells expressing CD4(T-helper cells) and a co-receptor CCR5 (macrophage tropic strains) or CXCR4 (T-cell tropic ...
... It is more complex than other retroviruses as it has extra regulatory genes. Transmission: sexual, intravenous drug abuse, mother to baby, contaminated blood products The virus binds cells expressing CD4(T-helper cells) and a co-receptor CCR5 (macrophage tropic strains) or CXCR4 (T-cell tropic ...
Defense Against Infectious Diseases
... from bodies defenses) • HIV is a retrovirus • Harder to stop because can undergo ...
... from bodies defenses) • HIV is a retrovirus • Harder to stop because can undergo ...
![Sexual Health College Students[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/011992684_1-5777e91d216f390c5d3e600cd9c533fd-300x300.png)
Powerpoint Document What is Your Responsibility?
... A “route” for the germ to get into the body. A weak immune system or lots of strong germs. Remember: Germs are Everywhere! ...
... A “route” for the germ to get into the body. A weak immune system or lots of strong germs. Remember: Germs are Everywhere! ...
Standard Precautions Communicable Diseases
... The more you know about precautions and infection control, the better you will perform in real situations to protect yourself and others from illness. ...
... The more you know about precautions and infection control, the better you will perform in real situations to protect yourself and others from illness. ...
Nasopharangeal Aspirate - Women`s and Children`s Hospital
... An NPA may be done to provide your child’s doctor with information about what kind of virus is causing the infection that your child has. By knowing what kind of virus your child has helps your doctor to decide what kind of treatment should be provided (if any). An NPA also helps the laboratory staf ...
... An NPA may be done to provide your child’s doctor with information about what kind of virus is causing the infection that your child has. By knowing what kind of virus your child has helps your doctor to decide what kind of treatment should be provided (if any). An NPA also helps the laboratory staf ...
word - marric.us
... virus while very young, and do not suffer disease. Around half of individuals who avoid the virus while young are infected in the teenage years and develop a disease called mononucleosis. In this disease, lymph nodes swell painfully as our immune system produces large numbers of lymphocytes to elimi ...
... virus while very young, and do not suffer disease. Around half of individuals who avoid the virus while young are infected in the teenage years and develop a disease called mononucleosis. In this disease, lymph nodes swell painfully as our immune system produces large numbers of lymphocytes to elimi ...
Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases & Bloodborne Pathogens
... An estimated 3.2 million Americans are chronically infected May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure HBV is transmitted through contact with body fluids infected with HBV ...
... An estimated 3.2 million Americans are chronically infected May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure HBV is transmitted through contact with body fluids infected with HBV ...
Bacteria
... No cells; not living No because it has no cells Invades a host cell and takes over the cell causing it to make copies of the viral DNA. Destroys the host cell releasing new viruses. ...
... No cells; not living No because it has no cells Invades a host cell and takes over the cell causing it to make copies of the viral DNA. Destroys the host cell releasing new viruses. ...
Spring 2009 - AVC Online
... ____________________________ is the process of describing all metabolic and anatomical features of bacteria and establishing their evolutionary relationships with others . ...
... ____________________________ is the process of describing all metabolic and anatomical features of bacteria and establishing their evolutionary relationships with others . ...
Chapter 25
... which makes a DNA copy of their RNA genome • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • HIV-1 & HIV-2 • T-cell lymphotropic viruses I & II leukemia ...
... which makes a DNA copy of their RNA genome • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) the cause of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • HIV-1 & HIV-2 • T-cell lymphotropic viruses I & II leukemia ...
Lesson 1: Understanding Communicable Diseases
... What is the difference between a cold and the flu? The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses but they are caused by different viruses. Because these two types of illnesses have similar flu-like symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone ...
... What is the difference between a cold and the flu? The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses but they are caused by different viruses. Because these two types of illnesses have similar flu-like symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone ...
Hepatitis B Vaccination Request/Declination Form
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Request/Declination Form Vaccination is an effective preventive measure against hepatitis B infection (a serious disease that can lead to liver cancer). The University of California, Riverside encourages employee to be vaccinated. The HBV vaccination is available at no cost t ...
... Hepatitis B Vaccination Request/Declination Form Vaccination is an effective preventive measure against hepatitis B infection (a serious disease that can lead to liver cancer). The University of California, Riverside encourages employee to be vaccinated. The HBV vaccination is available at no cost t ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.