Introduction: Approximately three million health care workers (HCW
... using ELISA. All the samples were collected in asymptomatic health care personnel. Three out of 219 (1.37%) health care personnel were positive for HBsAg. This is comparable with previous studies1,2,7,11,12,14,18. None of the samples were positive for antibodies to HCV4,5,7,11,12. All the above thre ...
... using ELISA. All the samples were collected in asymptomatic health care personnel. Three out of 219 (1.37%) health care personnel were positive for HBsAg. This is comparable with previous studies1,2,7,11,12,14,18. None of the samples were positive for antibodies to HCV4,5,7,11,12. All the above thre ...
AIDS - Home
... Treatment of HIV Infections/AIDS (1 of 3) • No cure for AIDS • Primary therapy includes use of various combinations of three different types of antiretroviral agents to maximally inhibit HIV viral replication with fewer adverse reactions • Treatment schedules revised as new drugs are developed and ...
... Treatment of HIV Infections/AIDS (1 of 3) • No cure for AIDS • Primary therapy includes use of various combinations of three different types of antiretroviral agents to maximally inhibit HIV viral replication with fewer adverse reactions • Treatment schedules revised as new drugs are developed and ...
The Immune System
... ANTIBODIES CAUSE THE PATHOGENS TO CLUMP TOGETHER PHAGOCYTE DESTROYS PATHOGENS ...
... ANTIBODIES CAUSE THE PATHOGENS TO CLUMP TOGETHER PHAGOCYTE DESTROYS PATHOGENS ...
LEQ: How does RNA help to make a protein?
... Mutations of existing viruses can produce new viral diseases; diseases evolve into a new species that can infect individuals who were immune to the original strain People come in contact with other species in the process we are exposed to the viruses that infect the other species Spread of vira ...
... Mutations of existing viruses can produce new viral diseases; diseases evolve into a new species that can infect individuals who were immune to the original strain People come in contact with other species in the process we are exposed to the viruses that infect the other species Spread of vira ...
2. Electron Microscopy - INAYA Medical College
... clinical symptoms coincide with the development of antibodies. The detection of IgM or rising titres of IgG in the serum of the patient would indicate active disease. • However, many viruses often produce clinical disease before the appearance of antibodies such as respiratory and diarrhoeal viruses ...
... clinical symptoms coincide with the development of antibodies. The detection of IgM or rising titres of IgG in the serum of the patient would indicate active disease. • However, many viruses often produce clinical disease before the appearance of antibodies such as respiratory and diarrhoeal viruses ...
Consent and Release for Hepatitis B Vaccination
... 1. The employee will sign the Consent and Release for Hepatitis B Vaccination form as either accepting or declining. Please send the completed form to Mike Whitford – Safety Coordinator. 2. Upon receipt of the above-mentioned consent form by the Safety Coordinator, the employee will be sent a signed ...
... 1. The employee will sign the Consent and Release for Hepatitis B Vaccination form as either accepting or declining. Please send the completed form to Mike Whitford – Safety Coordinator. 2. Upon receipt of the above-mentioned consent form by the Safety Coordinator, the employee will be sent a signed ...
12_Course_and_forms_of_infection_-_I - IS MU
... Course of infection – II Relapse the same agent, infection comes on again during the convalescence Recurrence the agent remains in the body, infection comes on again only after recovery (Brill-Zinsser disease = recurrence of epidemic typhus) Reinfection new infection by the same agent from outside ...
... Course of infection – II Relapse the same agent, infection comes on again during the convalescence Recurrence the agent remains in the body, infection comes on again only after recovery (Brill-Zinsser disease = recurrence of epidemic typhus) Reinfection new infection by the same agent from outside ...
The Chain of Infection
... 5. Protect Portal of Entry -Healthcare professionals must make sure that ports of entry are not subjected to pathogens. ...
... 5. Protect Portal of Entry -Healthcare professionals must make sure that ports of entry are not subjected to pathogens. ...
Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus
... infrastructure is a prerequisite for eliminating an infectious disease. Health related development assistance has increased over the past decade as funding for HIV scale-up has had knock on effects on funding for other health related programmes e.g. malaria. Major donors have recognized the importan ...
... infrastructure is a prerequisite for eliminating an infectious disease. Health related development assistance has increased over the past decade as funding for HIV scale-up has had knock on effects on funding for other health related programmes e.g. malaria. Major donors have recognized the importan ...
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... bodily cells that are actively replicating (e.g.: red blood cell precursors, skin cells, etc.) can be affected by ...
... bodily cells that are actively replicating (e.g.: red blood cell precursors, skin cells, etc.) can be affected by ...
Hepatitis B Vaccination - University of Southern California
... the body's immunity to the Hepatitis B virus. Once vaccinated, a person does not need to receive the series again. The Hepatitis B vaccine does not contain any live virus. The vaccine contains only particles of HBV called plasmids, which have a gene that codes for the surface antigen to induce the p ...
... the body's immunity to the Hepatitis B virus. Once vaccinated, a person does not need to receive the series again. The Hepatitis B vaccine does not contain any live virus. The vaccine contains only particles of HBV called plasmids, which have a gene that codes for the surface antigen to induce the p ...
COOK® Incorporated - Oklahoma State University
... • HIV depletes the immune system • HIV does not survive well outside the body • No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact ...
... • HIV depletes the immune system • HIV does not survive well outside the body • No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact ...
ILC 2017: Serious liver disease develops in over one
... over 185 million people worldwide, of whom 350,000 die each year, with 84,000 of those being in Europe.2 HCV is considered a silent pandemic as most people do not know that they have it.1 HCV causes both acute and chronic infection, with about 55–85% of HCVinfected individuals developing chronic inf ...
... over 185 million people worldwide, of whom 350,000 die each year, with 84,000 of those being in Europe.2 HCV is considered a silent pandemic as most people do not know that they have it.1 HCV causes both acute and chronic infection, with about 55–85% of HCVinfected individuals developing chronic inf ...
Prof_ Su 980225
... years, we identified per-S mutants prevalent in patients with HCC for up to 65%, as compared to the below 10% in patients with chronic hepatitis. The emergence of pre-S mutant in serum may provide a potentially predictive marker for the development of HCC. The pre-S mutants are retained in endoplasm ...
... years, we identified per-S mutants prevalent in patients with HCC for up to 65%, as compared to the below 10% in patients with chronic hepatitis. The emergence of pre-S mutant in serum may provide a potentially predictive marker for the development of HCC. The pre-S mutants are retained in endoplasm ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Unifying problems all viruses
... – Urogenital (sexually transmitted) – Vectors (insects, needles, animals) ...
... – Urogenital (sexually transmitted) – Vectors (insects, needles, animals) ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - Pawling Fire Department
... Virus (HIV) • HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS • HIV depletes the immune system • HIV does not survive well outside the body • No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact ...
... Virus (HIV) • HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS • HIV depletes the immune system • HIV does not survive well outside the body • No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact ...
Theiloviruses | Charles River Research Animal Diagnostic Services
... shed for approximately two months after infection. Little is currently known about RTV, including duration of shedding. ...
... shed for approximately two months after infection. Little is currently known about RTV, including duration of shedding. ...
PATHOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS RENAL DISEASES IN SOUTH
... inclusions are morphologically similar in H-E stained slides. However, often this is accompanied by necrotizing features and neutrophilic infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry is confirmatory. A characteristic feature of adenovirus infection is the ability to subvert the host immune response by using the ...
... inclusions are morphologically similar in H-E stained slides. However, often this is accompanied by necrotizing features and neutrophilic infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry is confirmatory. A characteristic feature of adenovirus infection is the ability to subvert the host immune response by using the ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Infectious Diseases of the Skin and Eyes
... Recovery; life long immunity • Effective childhood vaccine (2-3 doses): MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), but disease still exists worldwide ...
... Recovery; life long immunity • Effective childhood vaccine (2-3 doses): MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), but disease still exists worldwide ...
Infectious Diseases in Canines
... First stage, animal will act unusually withdrawn or affectionate Lasts about two days The animal then begins wandering and will bite anything in it’s path. Frothing at the mouth due to difficulty in ...
... First stage, animal will act unusually withdrawn or affectionate Lasts about two days The animal then begins wandering and will bite anything in it’s path. Frothing at the mouth due to difficulty in ...
why? (1)
... -Familial or sexual contact with people from HTLV-I endemic areas favors that infection -a history of injection drug use or sex with an injection drug user is more consistent with HTLV-II infection. ...
... -Familial or sexual contact with people from HTLV-I endemic areas favors that infection -a history of injection drug use or sex with an injection drug user is more consistent with HTLV-II infection. ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.