lecture_34_Apr 02_ plague on popn 1
... Since parasite control is rarely 100% effective, prevention of infection represents an important tactic. Many infective stages gain entry in drinking water, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Dracunculus etc. These can be controlled by safe water supplies, the problem is that installation of water supplies i ...
... Since parasite control is rarely 100% effective, prevention of infection represents an important tactic. Many infective stages gain entry in drinking water, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Dracunculus etc. These can be controlled by safe water supplies, the problem is that installation of water supplies i ...
Strategies to Address HCV Corinna Dan, RN, M.P.H.
... Of 2.7 million HCV-infected persons 1.47 million will develop decompensated cirrhosis (DCC) 350,000 will develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 897,000 will die from HCV-related complications ...
... Of 2.7 million HCV-infected persons 1.47 million will develop decompensated cirrhosis (DCC) 350,000 will develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 897,000 will die from HCV-related complications ...
Editorial An update on virology and emerging viral epidemics
... binds to a host cell and the viral genome makes its way inside. The viral entry is dependent on the host cell and the type of the virus. It can occur via three processes; membrane fusion, endocytosis and genetic injection. In the first case, the viral receptors attach to the receptors on the surface ...
... binds to a host cell and the viral genome makes its way inside. The viral entry is dependent on the host cell and the type of the virus. It can occur via three processes; membrane fusion, endocytosis and genetic injection. In the first case, the viral receptors attach to the receptors on the surface ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
... Breeding of resistant cats is also challenging since we don’t know what specific characteristics predispose a cat to FIP development. At most, if incidence of FIP occurrence in a breeding cattery increases, examination of breeding records of affected cats/kittens may reveal a common link and guide ...
... Breeding of resistant cats is also challenging since we don’t know what specific characteristics predispose a cat to FIP development. At most, if incidence of FIP occurrence in a breeding cattery increases, examination of breeding records of affected cats/kittens may reveal a common link and guide ...
Antigens and Antigen Receptors (lecture notes pages 19-24)
... Antibodies bind to antigens based on the ‘complementarity’ of the epitope on the antigen and the antigen-binding site of the antibody. Complementarity can be thought of as ‘goodness of fit’. The better the fit, the stronger the binding. The strength of the reaction is referred to as the affinity of ...
... Antibodies bind to antigens based on the ‘complementarity’ of the epitope on the antigen and the antigen-binding site of the antibody. Complementarity can be thought of as ‘goodness of fit’. The better the fit, the stronger the binding. The strength of the reaction is referred to as the affinity of ...
Kokoda Trail - Travel Doctor
... Typhoid Fever is caused by a bacteria found in contaminated food & water. It is endemic in the developing world & vaccination is recommended for travellers to areas where environmental sanitation & personal hygiene may be poor. The adventurous eater venturing ‘off the beaten’ path should certainly c ...
... Typhoid Fever is caused by a bacteria found in contaminated food & water. It is endemic in the developing world & vaccination is recommended for travellers to areas where environmental sanitation & personal hygiene may be poor. The adventurous eater venturing ‘off the beaten’ path should certainly c ...
Overview - BioMed Central
... (where one week represents the approximate CSF incubation time [6,7]), resulting in age-classes: piglet (< 8 months ± 6 weeks), sub-adult (< 2 years ± 6 weeks) and adult. Each host individual has a location, which denotes its home range cell on the raster grid as well as its family group. Further, t ...
... (where one week represents the approximate CSF incubation time [6,7]), resulting in age-classes: piglet (< 8 months ± 6 weeks), sub-adult (< 2 years ± 6 weeks) and adult. Each host individual has a location, which denotes its home range cell on the raster grid as well as its family group. Further, t ...
Viruses
... The Lytic cycle where the virus takes over one cell to make more viruses. These are known as virulent phages. The Lysogenic cycle where the virus lies in wait to take over many cells at one time. These are known as temperate phages. ...
... The Lytic cycle where the virus takes over one cell to make more viruses. These are known as virulent phages. The Lysogenic cycle where the virus lies in wait to take over many cells at one time. These are known as temperate phages. ...
Document
... – Pathogen and virulence factors – Caused by human herpesviruses 1 and 2 – Produce various proteins that act as virulence factors ...
... – Pathogen and virulence factors – Caused by human herpesviruses 1 and 2 – Produce various proteins that act as virulence factors ...
Slide 1
... against the pathogen with only very mild symptoms of infection. For several days after you are vaccinated, your immune system develops antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen. You develop a long-lasting (sometime lifetime) immunity to the particular disease the pathogen causes. Some vaccine ...
... against the pathogen with only very mild symptoms of infection. For several days after you are vaccinated, your immune system develops antibodies and memory cells against the pathogen. You develop a long-lasting (sometime lifetime) immunity to the particular disease the pathogen causes. Some vaccine ...
Disease
... c) Mumps starts being infectious when the parotid gland starts swelling. d) Mumps can also affect the pancreas. e) Fever is not present in chicken pox ...
... c) Mumps starts being infectious when the parotid gland starts swelling. d) Mumps can also affect the pancreas. e) Fever is not present in chicken pox ...
Influenza-Lecture by Dr Imran Mahfooz
... Cover your mouth when while sneezing and wash your hands regularly as the virus spreads through aerosols. Since the flu is a virus, antibiotics won’t work unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. ...
... Cover your mouth when while sneezing and wash your hands regularly as the virus spreads through aerosols. Since the flu is a virus, antibiotics won’t work unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. ...
ppr_fs
... What triggers an outbreak of PPR? Transmission of PPR requires close contact and the movement of live animals are the main means of spread. The virus is present in ocular, nasal, and oral secretions as well as faeces. Most infections occur through inhalation of aerosols from sneezing and coughing an ...
... What triggers an outbreak of PPR? Transmission of PPR requires close contact and the movement of live animals are the main means of spread. The virus is present in ocular, nasal, and oral secretions as well as faeces. Most infections occur through inhalation of aerosols from sneezing and coughing an ...
Peste des petits ruminants
... measures and vaccination. The former may variously include quarantine of infected premises, villages or areas; cleaning and disinfection of infected premises; movement control in general, including transhumance; and stamping out in the event of new introductions. Eradication of PPR in the endemic ar ...
... measures and vaccination. The former may variously include quarantine of infected premises, villages or areas; cleaning and disinfection of infected premises; movement control in general, including transhumance; and stamping out in the event of new introductions. Eradication of PPR in the endemic ar ...
Climate Change: Impact on Viral Diseases
... Ixodes ticks in an area from western Europe to the eastern cost of Japan. TBE virus causes acute meningoencephalitis, more or less severe. Climate change is partly responsible for increased incidence of the disease in Europe. TBE virus was shown to circulate at increasing altitudes in Czech Republic ...
... Ixodes ticks in an area from western Europe to the eastern cost of Japan. TBE virus causes acute meningoencephalitis, more or less severe. Climate change is partly responsible for increased incidence of the disease in Europe. TBE virus was shown to circulate at increasing altitudes in Czech Republic ...
Prodution of Biopharmaceuticals : An Overview
... particular virus strains by cultivating them on cells other than target cells, in which the virus infection followed by repeated passaging will be performed The cell-culture process for vaccines offers high potential as an alternative method to egg-based production. Cell culture has the capability t ...
... particular virus strains by cultivating them on cells other than target cells, in which the virus infection followed by repeated passaging will be performed The cell-culture process for vaccines offers high potential as an alternative method to egg-based production. Cell culture has the capability t ...
Acute Viral Hepatitis
... In a series of five symptomatic cases from Johns Hopkins Hospital, two cases biopsied in the first 2 weeks, cholestasis and ductular reaction raised the differential diagnosis of early findings of biliary tract disease 24. Two cases, biopsied at 8 weeks, showed mild to moderate lobular and portal ly ...
... In a series of five symptomatic cases from Johns Hopkins Hospital, two cases biopsied in the first 2 weeks, cholestasis and ductular reaction raised the differential diagnosis of early findings of biliary tract disease 24. Two cases, biopsied at 8 weeks, showed mild to moderate lobular and portal ly ...
Efficacy of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in Foot and
... Results Overall, there is a significant association between receipt of an antibiotic and infection, χ2 (1) = 9.92, p = .002. Interestingly, in this situation not receiving an antibiotic was protective. If you did not ...
... Results Overall, there is a significant association between receipt of an antibiotic and infection, χ2 (1) = 9.92, p = .002. Interestingly, in this situation not receiving an antibiotic was protective. If you did not ...
SARS: An hypothesis for treatment
... the virus to the host cell, MHV-induced cell fusion, and eliciting neutralizing antibody. Molecular mimicry exists between E2 and Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) [7]. MHV S peplomer protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector exhibits IgG Fcreceptor activity [8]. Polymorphisms of Fc rece ...
... the virus to the host cell, MHV-induced cell fusion, and eliciting neutralizing antibody. Molecular mimicry exists between E2 and Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) [7]. MHV S peplomer protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector exhibits IgG Fcreceptor activity [8]. Polymorphisms of Fc rece ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.