Avian influenza receptor expression in H5N1
... person with an influenza-like illness were not significantly different between casesubjects and controls. One (8%) of 13 case subjects and noneof 35 controls reported exposure to a person known to havebeen infected with influenza A (H5N1) virus (P = .5). Playing in an indoor playground the week befo ...
... person with an influenza-like illness were not significantly different between casesubjects and controls. One (8%) of 13 case subjects and noneof 35 controls reported exposure to a person known to havebeen infected with influenza A (H5N1) virus (P = .5). Playing in an indoor playground the week befo ...
imunity-skin-and-soft-tissue-infection-copy
... (treated and untreated) were challenged with B. pertussis 18,323 strain and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results indicate that the treated animals did show significant increase in antibody titers as compared to untreated animals after challenge (P=0.000003). Immuno protection against intra ...
... (treated and untreated) were challenged with B. pertussis 18,323 strain and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results indicate that the treated animals did show significant increase in antibody titers as compared to untreated animals after challenge (P=0.000003). Immuno protection against intra ...
OSHA BBP Presentation
... Once you have had hepatitis A, you will not get it again About 15% of people infected with HAV have a prolonged or relapsing symptoms over 69 month period ...
... Once you have had hepatitis A, you will not get it again About 15% of people infected with HAV have a prolonged or relapsing symptoms over 69 month period ...
SYRIAN HAMSTERS: Viral, Parasitic, and Noninfectious Diseases
... have been shown by serologic surveys to commonly infect laboratory hamsters These RNA viruses are of the family Paramyxoviridae. • These viral infections involve both the upper and lower respiratory system and are spread by direct contact with nasal secretions and aerosol in rats and mice ...
... have been shown by serologic surveys to commonly infect laboratory hamsters These RNA viruses are of the family Paramyxoviridae. • These viral infections involve both the upper and lower respiratory system and are spread by direct contact with nasal secretions and aerosol in rats and mice ...
37. Experimental transmission of FMDV in pigs
... the average number of secondary cases per infectious individual during its entire infectious period [3]. This implies that an infection will fade out in a population when R < 1, but can spread on a large scale when R > 1. Besides R also the transmission rate β is an important parameter, because it c ...
... the average number of secondary cases per infectious individual during its entire infectious period [3]. This implies that an infection will fade out in a population when R < 1, but can spread on a large scale when R > 1. Besides R also the transmission rate β is an important parameter, because it c ...
Active Immunization
... • Passive: Administration of preformed antibody (immune globulin = IG) either nonspecific or specific • Active: Administration of antigen that stimulates protective antibody ...
... • Passive: Administration of preformed antibody (immune globulin = IG) either nonspecific or specific • Active: Administration of antigen that stimulates protective antibody ...
Pox virus
... engineer it so that the current vaccines are no longer effective add virulence factors to the smallpox genome (e.g. botox gene) that ...
... engineer it so that the current vaccines are no longer effective add virulence factors to the smallpox genome (e.g. botox gene) that ...
(Hib) und Hepatitis B auf Englisch
... Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), poliomyelitis (polio), and hepatitis B Vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, Hib, polio, and hepatitis B are generally recommended during infancy and early childhood. Even modern treatment options cannot always prevent the often-fatal courses and l ...
... Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), poliomyelitis (polio), and hepatitis B Vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, Hib, polio, and hepatitis B are generally recommended during infancy and early childhood. Even modern treatment options cannot always prevent the often-fatal courses and l ...
international working group on the standardisation of
... determine compatibility. Data was presented for a number of blood borne viruses. Dr Theo Cuypers questioned whether this work had incorporated the manufacturer’s internal controls; it was confirmed this was the case. Dr. Busch enquired whether whole blood and the associated high background levels of ...
... determine compatibility. Data was presented for a number of blood borne viruses. Dr Theo Cuypers questioned whether this work had incorporated the manufacturer’s internal controls; it was confirmed this was the case. Dr. Busch enquired whether whole blood and the associated high background levels of ...
Transmission of Pathogens Throughout Healthcare Facilities
... Hospital-acquired infections (HCAIs) are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. With strict infection control implementation and environmental decontamination, the numbers of HCAIs should be decreasing. However, infection rates continue to increase. Evidence shows that pathogens an ...
... Hospital-acquired infections (HCAIs) are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. With strict infection control implementation and environmental decontamination, the numbers of HCAIs should be decreasing. However, infection rates continue to increase. Evidence shows that pathogens an ...
Estimating the Impact of Vaccination using Age
... The dataset consists of age-specific acute HB notifications, registered in Bulgaria from 1983 to 2000, while taking note of the implementation of a selective and universal infant immunization programme. In the beginning of the study period, the total population of Bulgaria was 8,950,144 while in 200 ...
... The dataset consists of age-specific acute HB notifications, registered in Bulgaria from 1983 to 2000, while taking note of the implementation of a selective and universal infant immunization programme. In the beginning of the study period, the total population of Bulgaria was 8,950,144 while in 200 ...
Bacteria, Virus, and Protista Review 1. How does a virus reproduce
... 6. What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle? 7. How do harmful bacteria affect our bodies? (What do they do to us?) 8. What’s the only medicine that works against viruses, and what do antibiotics treat? 9. Why do antibiotics not work on viruses? 10. Draw the lytic cycle. ...
... 6. What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle? 7. How do harmful bacteria affect our bodies? (What do they do to us?) 8. What’s the only medicine that works against viruses, and what do antibiotics treat? 9. Why do antibiotics not work on viruses? 10. Draw the lytic cycle. ...
Norovirus - patient information
... gastroenteritis (diarrhoea and vomiting) in the UK. Norovirus is sometimes referred to as ‘winter vomiting disease’ because it is most common during the winter months, but infections can occur at any time of year. ...
... gastroenteritis (diarrhoea and vomiting) in the UK. Norovirus is sometimes referred to as ‘winter vomiting disease’ because it is most common during the winter months, but infections can occur at any time of year. ...
Burkitt`s Lymphoma
... In 1956 a British surgeon called Dennis Burkitt was working in equatorial Africa. He described an unusual type of lymphoma, which was very common in children in that region. This became known as Burkitt's lymphoma. Later research showed that B-lymphocytes in these children had been infected with th ...
... In 1956 a British surgeon called Dennis Burkitt was working in equatorial Africa. He described an unusual type of lymphoma, which was very common in children in that region. This became known as Burkitt's lymphoma. Later research showed that B-lymphocytes in these children had been infected with th ...
bilag br sledai-2k
... >5 red blood cells/high power field. Exclude stone, infection or other cause. >0.5 gm/24 hours. >5 white blood cells/high power field. Exclude infection. Inflammatory type rash. Abnormal, patchy or diffuse loss of hair. Oral or nasal ulcerations Pleuritic chest pain with pleural rub or effusion, or ...
... >5 red blood cells/high power field. Exclude stone, infection or other cause. >0.5 gm/24 hours. >5 white blood cells/high power field. Exclude infection. Inflammatory type rash. Abnormal, patchy or diffuse loss of hair. Oral or nasal ulcerations Pleuritic chest pain with pleural rub or effusion, or ...
Weils Disease
... Leptospirosis is an acute biphasic illness. Some cases may be asymptomatic or may present in the first phase with onset of a flu-like illness, with a severe headache, chills, muscle aches and vomiting. This is known as the bacteraemic phase, when the Leptospires spread through the blood to many tiss ...
... Leptospirosis is an acute biphasic illness. Some cases may be asymptomatic or may present in the first phase with onset of a flu-like illness, with a severe headache, chills, muscle aches and vomiting. This is known as the bacteraemic phase, when the Leptospires spread through the blood to many tiss ...
Herpes Viruses part 3
... in adults it must be differentiated from Epstein-Barra and hepatitis A & B. ...
... in adults it must be differentiated from Epstein-Barra and hepatitis A & B. ...
Viruses are host specific and reproduce by either
... a lytic bacteriophage is T4, which infects E. coli found in the human intestinal tract. ...
... a lytic bacteriophage is T4, which infects E. coli found in the human intestinal tract. ...
Gram-negative bacteria
... populations; about three-quarters of new human diseases originate this way ...
... populations; about three-quarters of new human diseases originate this way ...
Chapter 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System
... B) Results in redness, edema, swelling and tenderness of the tonsils and/or pharyngeal mucus membranes 1) May also result in pus-filled nodules on the tonsils C) If untreated, may lead to scarlet fever or rheumatic fever 2. Adenoviral Pharyngitis A) There are more than 45 types of adenoviruses that ...
... B) Results in redness, edema, swelling and tenderness of the tonsils and/or pharyngeal mucus membranes 1) May also result in pus-filled nodules on the tonsils C) If untreated, may lead to scarlet fever or rheumatic fever 2. Adenoviral Pharyngitis A) There are more than 45 types of adenoviruses that ...
Chronic Renal Failure
... 甲、 low renal protein 0.6 gm/kg/day if Ccr < 60 ml/min 乙、 Protein intake 1.2 gm/kg/day if p’t on HD 丙、 water limitation: depend on clinical condition and limit 1500cc/day if p’t on HD ...
... 甲、 low renal protein 0.6 gm/kg/day if Ccr < 60 ml/min 乙、 Protein intake 1.2 gm/kg/day if p’t on HD 丙、 water limitation: depend on clinical condition and limit 1500cc/day if p’t on HD ...
the PDF here
... deficiencies in the decades-long asymptomatic incubation period that may make clinicians and patients discount the importance of the infection; the lack of cohesive and vocal advocacy groups as many patients were former injection drug users; “compassion fatigue” from HIV/AIDS and other large acute pu ...
... deficiencies in the decades-long asymptomatic incubation period that may make clinicians and patients discount the importance of the infection; the lack of cohesive and vocal advocacy groups as many patients were former injection drug users; “compassion fatigue” from HIV/AIDS and other large acute pu ...
Correlates of Protection against Norovirus Infection
... different from field settings, where multiple NoV genotypes and variants co-circulate among individuals with different levels of genetic susceptibility to NoV infection. This is particularly relevant for populations at greatest risk of illness: infants less than five years of age, in whom a high bur ...
... different from field settings, where multiple NoV genotypes and variants co-circulate among individuals with different levels of genetic susceptibility to NoV infection. This is particularly relevant for populations at greatest risk of illness: infants less than five years of age, in whom a high bur ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.