Diagnosing, Treating, and Preventing Canine Leptospirosis
... fetuses, as well as in normal fetuses or vaginal discharges after giving birth. They can be isolated from the male and female reproductive organs in some species, and these infections may persist for long periods. For example, serovar Hardjo may be found in the reproductive tract of both cows and bu ...
... fetuses, as well as in normal fetuses or vaginal discharges after giving birth. They can be isolated from the male and female reproductive organs in some species, and these infections may persist for long periods. For example, serovar Hardjo may be found in the reproductive tract of both cows and bu ...
D. Lavanchy, Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C
... before, during and after World War II, or through medical procedures such as blood transfusion and the use of contaminated syringes. The prevalence of HCV infection is much lower in the younger generation than in the older generation aged >55 years (0.1–0.2% vs. >2%) [40]. Therefore, the total numbe ...
... before, during and after World War II, or through medical procedures such as blood transfusion and the use of contaminated syringes. The prevalence of HCV infection is much lower in the younger generation than in the older generation aged >55 years (0.1–0.2% vs. >2%) [40]. Therefore, the total numbe ...
MALARIA
... the absence of Duffy antigens on red blood cells. • Sickle cell trait causes a defect in the hemoglobin molecule in the blood. Instead of retaining the biconcave shape of a normal RBC, the cell to sickle or distort into a curved shape. • Infection causes red cells to sickle more, and so they are rem ...
... the absence of Duffy antigens on red blood cells. • Sickle cell trait causes a defect in the hemoglobin molecule in the blood. Instead of retaining the biconcave shape of a normal RBC, the cell to sickle or distort into a curved shape. • Infection causes red cells to sickle more, and so they are rem ...
Viral gastroenteritis
... Icosahedral particles, 60-70 nm in diameter. Unenveloped, with 12-fibres one at each vertix. The viral genome is ds-DNA. Replicate in the nucleus. 49 distinct types, grouped into 6-subgenera (A-F). Cause diarrhea in infants and young children . ...
... Icosahedral particles, 60-70 nm in diameter. Unenveloped, with 12-fibres one at each vertix. The viral genome is ds-DNA. Replicate in the nucleus. 49 distinct types, grouped into 6-subgenera (A-F). Cause diarrhea in infants and young children . ...
14 Nov `09- Infectious Diseases Lesson Plan
... * Just like Swine Flu evolved/ changed from the influenza virus that affects pigs in North America, it can change to be resistant to the drugs that are used for treatment, which would be bad news. (can mention AIDs treatment) C. How is swine flu spread? Direct transmission and indirect transmis ...
... * Just like Swine Flu evolved/ changed from the influenza virus that affects pigs in North America, it can change to be resistant to the drugs that are used for treatment, which would be bad news. (can mention AIDs treatment) C. How is swine flu spread? Direct transmission and indirect transmis ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... Employees are not required to participate in antibody prescreening programs to receive vaccination series. ...
... Employees are not required to participate in antibody prescreening programs to receive vaccination series. ...
Slide 1
... bisexual man may believe suicide would be preferable to telling his wife and children that he has engaged in risky behaviors such as oral or anal ...
... bisexual man may believe suicide would be preferable to telling his wife and children that he has engaged in risky behaviors such as oral or anal ...
T4 bacteriophage infecting an E. coli cell - Biology
... PATHOGENICITY: The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of a febrile "flu-like" illness. Most infections are mild to moderate and symptoms can include malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, eye pain, headache, myalgia, rash and lymphadenopathy (3). More severe infections result in aseptic meni ...
... PATHOGENICITY: The disease is characterized by the sudden onset of a febrile "flu-like" illness. Most infections are mild to moderate and symptoms can include malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, eye pain, headache, myalgia, rash and lymphadenopathy (3). More severe infections result in aseptic meni ...
Classification Guide for Infectious Substances
... Non-infectious biological materials from humans, animals or plants. Examples include non-infectious cells, tissue cultures, blood or plasma from individuals not suspected of having an infectious disease, DNA, RNA, or other genetic elements Substances containing micro-organisms, which are non-pathoge ...
... Non-infectious biological materials from humans, animals or plants. Examples include non-infectious cells, tissue cultures, blood or plasma from individuals not suspected of having an infectious disease, DNA, RNA, or other genetic elements Substances containing micro-organisms, which are non-pathoge ...
Harmful Microbes - e-Bug
... microbe causing the disease in order to treat the disease properly, e.g. antibiotics cannot be used to treat viruses (this will be covered in section 4 of this resource). b. Symptoms Students may notice that some diseases exhibit similar symptoms, e.g. fever or rash. You may wish to discuss how impo ...
... microbe causing the disease in order to treat the disease properly, e.g. antibiotics cannot be used to treat viruses (this will be covered in section 4 of this resource). b. Symptoms Students may notice that some diseases exhibit similar symptoms, e.g. fever or rash. You may wish to discuss how impo ...
KOZLENKO T
... researchers show virus resistance to ether, chloroform, pH 4.0, as well as to heat. Inactivation of the virus occurs at 50 °C for 30 min. At 60 °C – 10 min. (in this case, the isolated RNA is more resistant: it is inactivated at the same time at 65 °C). At minus 65 °C virus retains infectivity at le ...
... researchers show virus resistance to ether, chloroform, pH 4.0, as well as to heat. Inactivation of the virus occurs at 50 °C for 30 min. At 60 °C – 10 min. (in this case, the isolated RNA is more resistant: it is inactivated at the same time at 65 °C). At minus 65 °C virus retains infectivity at le ...
Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)
... the affected chickens will have extreme difficulty breathing ("pump handle" breathing) and will frequently die from suffocation. Mortality is approximately 1 % ...
... the affected chickens will have extreme difficulty breathing ("pump handle" breathing) and will frequently die from suffocation. Mortality is approximately 1 % ...
Core Curriculum Slides
... • Transmission of drug-resistant TB strains and subsequent infection are likely, and • Comprehensive TB infection-control precautions implemented and not successful ...
... • Transmission of drug-resistant TB strains and subsequent infection are likely, and • Comprehensive TB infection-control precautions implemented and not successful ...
Ebola Virus Outbreak
... • Ebola spread to the United States when a Liberian man who had contact with an Ebola victim flew to Dallas, Texas. He developed symptoms after arriving in the U.S. • The hospital did not recognize his illness as Ebola and sent him home. He returned three days later, was admitted to the hospital, an ...
... • Ebola spread to the United States when a Liberian man who had contact with an Ebola victim flew to Dallas, Texas. He developed symptoms after arriving in the U.S. • The hospital did not recognize his illness as Ebola and sent him home. He returned three days later, was admitted to the hospital, an ...
Eurosurveillance Weekly, funded by Directorate General V of the
... Lassa fever imported to England Lassa fever has been confirmed in a British aid worker based in Daru, in eastern Sierra Leone, who developed a fever and was brought back to England by a Swiss air ambulance. The man, aged 50, became ill with a fever around 21 February and travelled to Freetown for me ...
... Lassa fever imported to England Lassa fever has been confirmed in a British aid worker based in Daru, in eastern Sierra Leone, who developed a fever and was brought back to England by a Swiss air ambulance. The man, aged 50, became ill with a fever around 21 February and travelled to Freetown for me ...
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
... system cells that fight off infection. The immune system normally protects your cat from common infectious agents like bacteria and viruses that do not generally cause disease in healthy cats. However, if a cat’s immune system is weakened, as with FeLV, these infections can cause disease. FeLV is al ...
... system cells that fight off infection. The immune system normally protects your cat from common infectious agents like bacteria and viruses that do not generally cause disease in healthy cats. However, if a cat’s immune system is weakened, as with FeLV, these infections can cause disease. FeLV is al ...
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract - Hatzalah of Miami-Dade
... • A/Beijing/262/95-like (H1N1) • A/Sydney/5/97-like (H3N2) • B/Harbin/07/94 ...
... • A/Beijing/262/95-like (H1N1) • A/Sydney/5/97-like (H3N2) • B/Harbin/07/94 ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Injection drug use (IDU) is the primary mode of transmission for HCV infection in the developed world. In countries such as the USA and Australia, where the highest seroprevalence is among middle-aged people, IDU has been the dominant mode of transmission for more than 30 years and accounts for 68% ...
... Injection drug use (IDU) is the primary mode of transmission for HCV infection in the developed world. In countries such as the USA and Australia, where the highest seroprevalence is among middle-aged people, IDU has been the dominant mode of transmission for more than 30 years and accounts for 68% ...
Inflammation
... An infection causes inflammation, but tissue that is inflamed may not be infected. Therefore, inflammation may exist without the presence of microbial pathogens, i.e. sunburn ...
... An infection causes inflammation, but tissue that is inflamed may not be infected. Therefore, inflammation may exist without the presence of microbial pathogens, i.e. sunburn ...
How bacteria and viruses enter the body? Infections types: What
... Viruses pose a challenge to the body’s immune system because they hide inside cells. It is possible to be vaccinated against some of the major disease‐causing viruses (such as measles and polio), as ...
... Viruses pose a challenge to the body’s immune system because they hide inside cells. It is possible to be vaccinated against some of the major disease‐causing viruses (such as measles and polio), as ...
Epstein-Barr virus IL-10 gene expression by a
... to have no effect on replication, immortalization and establishment of latency within B cells in vitro, and to have no effect on tumorigenicity when the resulting EBV-infected B lymphoblastoid cell lines were injected into SCID mice [11]. More recent in vitro studies with vIL-10-deficient EBV virus ...
... to have no effect on replication, immortalization and establishment of latency within B cells in vitro, and to have no effect on tumorigenicity when the resulting EBV-infected B lymphoblastoid cell lines were injected into SCID mice [11]. More recent in vitro studies with vIL-10-deficient EBV virus ...
2G1 Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
... responsible for production of protective antigens, directly into animals, these antigens are produced in the animal’s cells. The animal develops an immune response against these proteins and is protected from infection (12). Although in a very early stage of development, this approach is very promis ...
... responsible for production of protective antigens, directly into animals, these antigens are produced in the animal’s cells. The animal develops an immune response against these proteins and is protected from infection (12). Although in a very early stage of development, this approach is very promis ...
Macaques infected with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus
... Almond, personal communication). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that antibodies are not responsible for superinfection resistance in this system. It is possible that virulent virus arose by escape from an immunodominant CTL response. CTL responses to nef can efficiently limit early viru ...
... Almond, personal communication). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that antibodies are not responsible for superinfection resistance in this system. It is possible that virulent virus arose by escape from an immunodominant CTL response. CTL responses to nef can efficiently limit early viru ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.