MS Word - CL Davis Foundation
... Acute, contagious disease of chickens Caused by a coronavirus (RNA) Affects mainly the respiratory system but can also affect the kidneys and reproductive tract Several serotypes Delicate virus easily killed by disinfectants 37. Clinical Signs and lesions of IBV Incubation period is 18-36 hours Resp ...
... Acute, contagious disease of chickens Caused by a coronavirus (RNA) Affects mainly the respiratory system but can also affect the kidneys and reproductive tract Several serotypes Delicate virus easily killed by disinfectants 37. Clinical Signs and lesions of IBV Incubation period is 18-36 hours Resp ...
Lecture 2: Immunology of Fish and Shrimp
... Immune competency develops relatively slowly in animals mammals obtain antibodies through mother’s milk for up to six weeks not the case with fish rainbow trout are found to be immune competent at an early age (0.3g) significance: immunization of very young fish is practical ...
... Immune competency develops relatively slowly in animals mammals obtain antibodies through mother’s milk for up to six weeks not the case with fish rainbow trout are found to be immune competent at an early age (0.3g) significance: immunization of very young fish is practical ...
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Clinical Microbiology
... many enzymes and is the site of most metabolic processes for the bacterial cell. The bacterial chromosome is one double-stranded circle contained in a discrete area of the cytoplasm, known as the nucleoid. The DNA is not contained within a nucleus, and there are no histones. Plasmids, which are smal ...
... many enzymes and is the site of most metabolic processes for the bacterial cell. The bacterial chromosome is one double-stranded circle contained in a discrete area of the cytoplasm, known as the nucleoid. The DNA is not contained within a nucleus, and there are no histones. Plasmids, which are smal ...
Home hygiene, pets and other domestic animals
... of studies have demonstrated situations in which pets were identified as a risk factor for infection in the home: A study of 50 US homes in which children under 4 years were known to be infected with Salmonella spp. showed that, in 34% of homes, there was also illness in another family member. The ...
... of studies have demonstrated situations in which pets were identified as a risk factor for infection in the home: A study of 50 US homes in which children under 4 years were known to be infected with Salmonella spp. showed that, in 34% of homes, there was also illness in another family member. The ...
10 reasons final
... The country hosting the facility from which the rinderpest virus escaped would lose its rinderpest free status once a case is confirmed; even in one animal (see the OIE Terrestrial Code Chapter 18). If disease freedom is not regained quickly or if the disease spreads to other countries, global rinde ...
... The country hosting the facility from which the rinderpest virus escaped would lose its rinderpest free status once a case is confirmed; even in one animal (see the OIE Terrestrial Code Chapter 18). If disease freedom is not regained quickly or if the disease spreads to other countries, global rinde ...
PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
... This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. ...
... This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. ...
PPT - Indiana University
... – Proliferates in non-sterile canned foods, elaborates neurotoxin blocking ACh release, severe paralysis of respiratory and skeletal muscles ...
... – Proliferates in non-sterile canned foods, elaborates neurotoxin blocking ACh release, severe paralysis of respiratory and skeletal muscles ...
Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
... 2-month regimen of RIZ and PZA generally not recommended — to be used only if the potential benefits outweigh the risk of severe liver injury and death *** ** MMWR August 31, 2001; 50(34): 733-735 *** MMWR August 8, 2003; 52(31): 735-739 ...
... 2-month regimen of RIZ and PZA generally not recommended — to be used only if the potential benefits outweigh the risk of severe liver injury and death *** ** MMWR August 31, 2001; 50(34): 733-735 *** MMWR August 8, 2003; 52(31): 735-739 ...
General Pathology of Infectious Diseases
... Bacterial infections are common causes of disease (Table 8–3). Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning that they have a cell membrane but lack membrane-bound nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles. Most bacteria are bound by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan, a polymer of long sugar chains li ...
... Bacterial infections are common causes of disease (Table 8–3). Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning that they have a cell membrane but lack membrane-bound nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles. Most bacteria are bound by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan, a polymer of long sugar chains li ...
Seasonal pattern of chytridiomycosis in common river frog
... its wide distribution, inclusion within many protected areas, and the ability to tolerate some habitat disturbance, this species is not threatened (Channing 2004). Surveys of 12 geographically distinct localities in South Africa conducted during the period 2004–2008 have shown that A. angolensis fro ...
... its wide distribution, inclusion within many protected areas, and the ability to tolerate some habitat disturbance, this species is not threatened (Channing 2004). Surveys of 12 geographically distinct localities in South Africa conducted during the period 2004–2008 have shown that A. angolensis fro ...
Micro Chapter 42 [4-20
... Latent EBV infection shows persistence of the viral genome with no lytic infection, and expression of specific viral genes o At first, viral genes like EB nuclear antigen 1 are expressed, to ensure maintenance and partitioning of the viral genome as a replicating episome during expansion of infected ...
... Latent EBV infection shows persistence of the viral genome with no lytic infection, and expression of specific viral genes o At first, viral genes like EB nuclear antigen 1 are expressed, to ensure maintenance and partitioning of the viral genome as a replicating episome during expansion of infected ...
Root cause analysis in surgical site infections (SSIs)
... Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Grafts that require groin incisions have the greatest risk for infection, possibly due to contamination by bowel flora at the time of implantation. The clinical perspective, biofilms are a major problem; these structures display greatly increased resistan ...
... Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Grafts that require groin incisions have the greatest risk for infection, possibly due to contamination by bowel flora at the time of implantation. The clinical perspective, biofilms are a major problem; these structures display greatly increased resistan ...
study material-2012
... antigen vaccine are usually surface antigens (mostly glycoproteins). A number of genes coding for various surface antigens have been successfully cloned in bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells cultures. Yeasts have emerged as a better choice for making these surface antigens as they add and process ...
... antigen vaccine are usually surface antigens (mostly glycoproteins). A number of genes coding for various surface antigens have been successfully cloned in bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells cultures. Yeasts have emerged as a better choice for making these surface antigens as they add and process ...
Viral diseases—Infectious pancreatic necrosis
... contaminated transport water, contaminated eggs and blood-sucking parasites of infected fish. • Fish-eating birds can also be a source of the virus to the environment. • Outbreaks are most likely to occur around spawning, with increased levels of virus excreted to water with spawning fluids. • Cu ...
... contaminated transport water, contaminated eggs and blood-sucking parasites of infected fish. • Fish-eating birds can also be a source of the virus to the environment. • Outbreaks are most likely to occur around spawning, with increased levels of virus excreted to water with spawning fluids. • Cu ...
Understanding PML and the JC Virus in Multiple Sclerosis : Dr
... reduced the virulent behavior of HIV virus, however, the same does not hold for JCV infections. In other words, the incidence of PML did not significantly change between the pre-HAART and post-HAART era [13]. More interestingly, PML has also recently been described in patients with autoimmune diseas ...
... reduced the virulent behavior of HIV virus, however, the same does not hold for JCV infections. In other words, the incidence of PML did not significantly change between the pre-HAART and post-HAART era [13]. More interestingly, PML has also recently been described in patients with autoimmune diseas ...
Severe acute respiratory infection caused by
... SIV infection, the national and relevant municipal public health authorities were notified and a teleconference was organised to decide on measures. The risk for human-to-human transmission was considered very low, given the enzootic presence of swine influenza viruses and the fact that zoonotic inf ...
... SIV infection, the national and relevant municipal public health authorities were notified and a teleconference was organised to decide on measures. The risk for human-to-human transmission was considered very low, given the enzootic presence of swine influenza viruses and the fact that zoonotic inf ...
October x 2014 Clinical Trials vaccine
... doctors and nurses are dying, non-Ebola illnesses are adding to the toll of death and suffering due to further strains and weakening of the healthcare delivery system in the country. The existence of my country is at stake; the future of our region is in peril. By the time I get home from this meeti ...
... doctors and nurses are dying, non-Ebola illnesses are adding to the toll of death and suffering due to further strains and weakening of the healthcare delivery system in the country. The existence of my country is at stake; the future of our region is in peril. By the time I get home from this meeti ...
Norovirus Fact Sheet MCH
... low grade fever, chills, headache, muscle aches and a general sense of tiredness. The onset is often sudden and the infected person may feel very unwell. In general, children experience more vomiting than adults. The illness is usually brief, with symptoms lasting around 24 – 48 hours. Some people m ...
... low grade fever, chills, headache, muscle aches and a general sense of tiredness. The onset is often sudden and the infected person may feel very unwell. In general, children experience more vomiting than adults. The illness is usually brief, with symptoms lasting around 24 – 48 hours. Some people m ...
Infection Control - Icahn School of Medicine
... – Source patient’s Hepatitis B&C and HIV status (if ...
... – Source patient’s Hepatitis B&C and HIV status (if ...
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Standardized Triage Screening Tool
... degrees Celsius AND at least one of the following additional symptoms/signs: • malaise • diarrhea that can be bloody • myalgia • bleeding not related to injury (e.g., petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis) • severe headache • unexplained hemorrhage • conjunctival injection • erythematous maculopapular ra ...
... degrees Celsius AND at least one of the following additional symptoms/signs: • malaise • diarrhea that can be bloody • myalgia • bleeding not related to injury (e.g., petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis) • severe headache • unexplained hemorrhage • conjunctival injection • erythematous maculopapular ra ...
"Technical, Economics and Legal Obstacles to the Development of Faccines and other Therapeutics for Potential Bioterrorism Agents"
... IOM Report 2003 – Government is deeply involved in the immunization enterprise, a role that reflects the public-good and spillover characteristics of vaccines. – Government policy toward vaccine R&D is inconsistent: it both promotes and discourages the development of new vaccines. – While states con ...
... IOM Report 2003 – Government is deeply involved in the immunization enterprise, a role that reflects the public-good and spillover characteristics of vaccines. – Government policy toward vaccine R&D is inconsistent: it both promotes and discourages the development of new vaccines. – While states con ...
Mirobiology 14-15
... The rules (procedures) of collection the material for microbiological examination (bacteriological, virological, mycological): the period of collection, types of materials, methods of collection, storage and transportation, request form to microbiological laboratory; pre-analytical and analytical er ...
... The rules (procedures) of collection the material for microbiological examination (bacteriological, virological, mycological): the period of collection, types of materials, methods of collection, storage and transportation, request form to microbiological laboratory; pre-analytical and analytical er ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.