Integrated surveillance for prevention and control of emerging vector
... Tick-borne diseases are also of public health concern in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is endemic in Europe and due to its medical significance was recently added to the list of notifiable diseases with a harmonised case definition focussing on neuroinvasive illness with laboratory confirmat ...
... Tick-borne diseases are also of public health concern in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is endemic in Europe and due to its medical significance was recently added to the list of notifiable diseases with a harmonised case definition focussing on neuroinvasive illness with laboratory confirmat ...
Disease challenges facing the livestock industry in - IFAH
... Flaviviridae, Flavivirus Distribution: Africa, Asia, Middle East, America (United States), Europe (Romania, Hungary) Susceptible species: human, horse, birds Reservoir hosts: birds Transmission: mosquitos (Culex), transfusion Symptoms: – horse: asymptomatic or neurological symptoms – human: flu-like ...
... Flaviviridae, Flavivirus Distribution: Africa, Asia, Middle East, America (United States), Europe (Romania, Hungary) Susceptible species: human, horse, birds Reservoir hosts: birds Transmission: mosquitos (Culex), transfusion Symptoms: – horse: asymptomatic or neurological symptoms – human: flu-like ...
E. Kovachev
... lead promiscuous sex life, who do not use condoms or frequently change sexual partners. Chlamydia cervicitis in this group of women exceed 20-25 times the number of cases of cervicitis with the same etiology among women having one sexual partner and those avoiding casual intercource. Urogenital chla ...
... lead promiscuous sex life, who do not use condoms or frequently change sexual partners. Chlamydia cervicitis in this group of women exceed 20-25 times the number of cases of cervicitis with the same etiology among women having one sexual partner and those avoiding casual intercource. Urogenital chla ...
Even in Koch`s time, it was recognized that infectious agents could
... cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The third postulate specifies "should", not "must", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will a ...
... cannot (at the present time) be grown in pure culture, such as prions responsible for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. The third postulate specifies "should", not "must", because as Koch himself proved in regard to both tuberculosis and cholera, that not all organisms exposed to an infectious agent will a ...
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... For virus isolation, various cell cultures can be used. Primary or secondary bovine kidney, lung or testis cells, cell strains derived from bovine fetal lung, turbinate or trachea, and established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line, are all suitable. Cell cultures can be gro ...
... For virus isolation, various cell cultures can be used. Primary or secondary bovine kidney, lung or testis cells, cell strains derived from bovine fetal lung, turbinate or trachea, and established cell lines, such as the Madin–Darby bovine kidney cell line, are all suitable. Cell cultures can be gro ...
Unit 3: Your Working Environment
... agency that serves to protect the health and safety of people in the U.S. They develop disease prevention and control guidelines and standards to improve health. ...
... agency that serves to protect the health and safety of people in the U.S. They develop disease prevention and control guidelines and standards to improve health. ...
Feline Leukemia
... related, FeLV and FIV differ in many ways, including their shape: FeLV is more circular while FIV is elongated. The two viruses are also quite different genetically, and their protein consituents are dissimlar in size and composition. Although many of the diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, ...
... related, FeLV and FIV differ in many ways, including their shape: FeLV is more circular while FIV is elongated. The two viruses are also quite different genetically, and their protein consituents are dissimlar in size and composition. Although many of the diseases caused by FeLV and FIV are similar, ...
Norovirus what is it
... variants and developed typing schemes dividing noroviruses into genogroups with further subdivision into genotypes. Humans are most commonly infected by genogroups I and II norovirus. Certain genogroups can predominate such that currently genogroup II genotype 4 is most commonly associated with dise ...
... variants and developed typing schemes dividing noroviruses into genogroups with further subdivision into genotypes. Humans are most commonly infected by genogroups I and II norovirus. Certain genogroups can predominate such that currently genogroup II genotype 4 is most commonly associated with dise ...
Viral hemorrhagic fevers in India - The Association of Physicians of
... the current 2014 epidemic in the African subcontinent may soon spread beyond its boundaries and indeed some cases have already been reported from outside of the main affected region. ...
... the current 2014 epidemic in the African subcontinent may soon spread beyond its boundaries and indeed some cases have already been reported from outside of the main affected region. ...
Combating Infections
... infectious agent and only using the antigen part (the part that stimulates an immune response). • The vaccines for Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae are subunit vaccines. Pros - They cannot cause the disease. ...
... infectious agent and only using the antigen part (the part that stimulates an immune response). • The vaccines for Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae are subunit vaccines. Pros - They cannot cause the disease. ...
Fish and Shellfish Immunology
... The Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterogeneous organism that causes the disease known as motile aeromonad septicaemia, which is responsible for serious economic loss in seabream culture due to bacterial infections. However, the immune mechanisms involved in this disease in fish ar ...
... The Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterogeneous organism that causes the disease known as motile aeromonad septicaemia, which is responsible for serious economic loss in seabream culture due to bacterial infections. However, the immune mechanisms involved in this disease in fish ar ...
section 1000 - Craven County Schools
... Gowns or aprons may be worn to protect the care-givers clothing if spattering of body fluids is possible. The apron or gown should be laundered or disposed of after each care session and should not be reused. In addition, protective eye wear and masks should be worn if splashing of body fluids is li ...
... Gowns or aprons may be worn to protect the care-givers clothing if spattering of body fluids is possible. The apron or gown should be laundered or disposed of after each care session and should not be reused. In addition, protective eye wear and masks should be worn if splashing of body fluids is li ...
Detecting Antibodies against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using an
... (0.1µg/ml). According to titration result, by using 100ng protein/well with 1:3000 conjugate similar significant differences in S/N ratio was shown but for expensiveness of conjugate we chose the first item. To eliminate nonspecific ...
... (0.1µg/ml). According to titration result, by using 100ng protein/well with 1:3000 conjugate similar significant differences in S/N ratio was shown but for expensiveness of conjugate we chose the first item. To eliminate nonspecific ...
Inf7 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... - hematogenous spread (rarely, direct extension*): 1. Pyogenic bacteria - staphylococci are most common! (≈ 50%). 2. M. tuberculosis (Pott's disease) – rare in West. – affects young adults. – 80% patients have no evidence of pulmonary involvement. – most frequent in lower thoracic ÷ upper lumbar ver ...
... - hematogenous spread (rarely, direct extension*): 1. Pyogenic bacteria - staphylococci are most common! (≈ 50%). 2. M. tuberculosis (Pott's disease) – rare in West. – affects young adults. – 80% patients have no evidence of pulmonary involvement. – most frequent in lower thoracic ÷ upper lumbar ver ...
Microbial Research Commons Including Viruses
... Very few cultures characterized at DNA finger printing level Data not fully computerized and information not available on the web Duplication of cultures in the repository Material Transfer Agreement similar to that in ATCC is followed by most repositories No systems in place to detect or prevent mi ...
... Very few cultures characterized at DNA finger printing level Data not fully computerized and information not available on the web Duplication of cultures in the repository Material Transfer Agreement similar to that in ATCC is followed by most repositories No systems in place to detect or prevent mi ...
INFECTION WITH INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA VIRUS
... seawater fish farm, and between different fish farms. Morbidity and mortality within a net pen may start at very low levels. Typically, daily mortality ranges from 0.5 to 1% in affected cages. Without intervention, mortality increases and seems to peak in early summer and winter. The range of cumula ...
... seawater fish farm, and between different fish farms. Morbidity and mortality within a net pen may start at very low levels. Typically, daily mortality ranges from 0.5 to 1% in affected cages. Without intervention, mortality increases and seems to peak in early summer and winter. The range of cumula ...
Genital Warts - Schiffert Health Center
... The most visible form of HPV infection is genital warts, also known as condyloma acuminata. These fleshy growths may appear singly or in groups in the genital area and/or around the anus, usually cause no symptoms, and often increase in number and/or size as time passes. Visible genital warts, which ...
... The most visible form of HPV infection is genital warts, also known as condyloma acuminata. These fleshy growths may appear singly or in groups in the genital area and/or around the anus, usually cause no symptoms, and often increase in number and/or size as time passes. Visible genital warts, which ...
HIV and Malnutrition: Effects on Immune System
... but they were generally not present in patients with chronic progressive infections. In a small number of individuals who began treatment shortly after acute HIV infection, HIVspecific CD4+ T-cell responses were preserved. In addition, these CD4+ T-cell responses seem to be important in controlling ...
... but they were generally not present in patients with chronic progressive infections. In a small number of individuals who began treatment shortly after acute HIV infection, HIVspecific CD4+ T-cell responses were preserved. In addition, these CD4+ T-cell responses seem to be important in controlling ...
January 2016 - Mounts Bay Veterinary Centre
... Infectious hepatitis – this disease has been widely vaccinated against over many years and is therefore rarely seen in the UK. When hepatitis occurs, it is often fatal. Initial vaccination provides a harmless dose of each disease which causes your pet’s body to mount an immunity response, so that th ...
... Infectious hepatitis – this disease has been widely vaccinated against over many years and is therefore rarely seen in the UK. When hepatitis occurs, it is often fatal. Initial vaccination provides a harmless dose of each disease which causes your pet’s body to mount an immunity response, so that th ...
Cat Scratch Disease - Minnesota Department of Health
... People with a weakened immune system due to disease or medication are more likely to have complications from CSD. These complications are rare and include Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, an eye infection that causes inflammation of the optic nerve and can lead to blindness, and bacillary angioma ...
... People with a weakened immune system due to disease or medication are more likely to have complications from CSD. These complications are rare and include Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, an eye infection that causes inflammation of the optic nerve and can lead to blindness, and bacillary angioma ...
Okinawa Communicable Diseases Statement 2017
... the disease, tuberculosis became the first across the world, recently exceeding that from HIV infection. In 2015, 10.4 million people newly developed tuberculosis, and 1.8 million died from this disease. Although the number of patients with tuberculosis is tending to decrease slowly, it remains prev ...
... the disease, tuberculosis became the first across the world, recently exceeding that from HIV infection. In 2015, 10.4 million people newly developed tuberculosis, and 1.8 million died from this disease. Although the number of patients with tuberculosis is tending to decrease slowly, it remains prev ...
Infection Exposure Questions
... Infections that cannot be spread to others. Many common bacterial infections are not spread to others. Examples are ear, sinus, bladder, or kidney infections. Pneumonia also cannot be passed to others. Sexually transmitted diseases are usually not spread to children. But, they can be spread if there ...
... Infections that cannot be spread to others. Many common bacterial infections are not spread to others. Examples are ear, sinus, bladder, or kidney infections. Pneumonia also cannot be passed to others. Sexually transmitted diseases are usually not spread to children. But, they can be spread if there ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.