A brief guide to emerging infectious diseases.indb
... estimated direct cost of SARS to Canada and Asian countries was US$ 50 billion 1. In addition, the impact of emerging infectious diseases is relatively greater in developing countries that have fewer resources. In the past 30 years, more than 30 new infectious diseases have emerged. Asia, unfortunat ...
... estimated direct cost of SARS to Canada and Asian countries was US$ 50 billion 1. In addition, the impact of emerging infectious diseases is relatively greater in developing countries that have fewer resources. In the past 30 years, more than 30 new infectious diseases have emerged. Asia, unfortunat ...
The Pros and Cons of Rapid Infectious Disease Testing
... Increase receipt of test results Increase identification of HIV-infected pregnant women so they can receive effective prophylaxis Increase feasibility of testing in acute-care settings with same-day results Increase number of venues where testing can be offered to high-risk persons ...
... Increase receipt of test results Increase identification of HIV-infected pregnant women so they can receive effective prophylaxis Increase feasibility of testing in acute-care settings with same-day results Increase number of venues where testing can be offered to high-risk persons ...
(HPV) Vaccine – Gardasil - Tang Center
... women 9-26 years of age to prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer as well as genital warts. In males, HPV has been associated with other types of cancers. Approved for males 9-26 years of age, the vaccine is also used to prevent genital warts. The majority of sexually active individuals have be ...
... women 9-26 years of age to prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer as well as genital warts. In males, HPV has been associated with other types of cancers. Approved for males 9-26 years of age, the vaccine is also used to prevent genital warts. The majority of sexually active individuals have be ...
Article The Most Common Illness: A Review and Case Study from
... inflammation, patients with asthma tend to have basally elevated ICAM-1 expression levels in the lower airways (Wegner et al., 1990). This potentially explains the strong association between cold infections and acute asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus infections in asthma patients are known to cause m ...
... inflammation, patients with asthma tend to have basally elevated ICAM-1 expression levels in the lower airways (Wegner et al., 1990). This potentially explains the strong association between cold infections and acute asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus infections in asthma patients are known to cause m ...
Malaria
... the mosquito, from which they travel to and invade the mosquito salivary glands. The cycle of human infection re-starts when the mosquito takes a blood meal, injecting the sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human bloodstream . Time-frame depends on the malaria parasite species ...
... the mosquito, from which they travel to and invade the mosquito salivary glands. The cycle of human infection re-starts when the mosquito takes a blood meal, injecting the sporozoites from its salivary glands into the human bloodstream . Time-frame depends on the malaria parasite species ...
Equine influenza: A review of an unpredictable virus
... clude Suffolk/1989 or Newmarket/2/93 to represent the Eurasian lineage and Newmarket/1/93 or Kentucky/1994 for the American lineage (OIE, 1996). The most recently published change to these recommendations was made in 2004, when it was recommended that the American lineage strain be updated to South ...
... clude Suffolk/1989 or Newmarket/2/93 to represent the Eurasian lineage and Newmarket/1/93 or Kentucky/1994 for the American lineage (OIE, 1996). The most recently published change to these recommendations was made in 2004, when it was recommended that the American lineage strain be updated to South ...
Review of Hantavirus Infection in Hong Kong (November 2010)
... hantaviruses and particularly affects the lungs. Its course can be divided into three phases: prodromal febrile phase, cardiorespiratory phase and the convalescent phase8. The prodromal febrile phase usually lasts for 3-6 days. Symptoms include chills, myalgia, headache and abdominal pain. During ca ...
... hantaviruses and particularly affects the lungs. Its course can be divided into three phases: prodromal febrile phase, cardiorespiratory phase and the convalescent phase8. The prodromal febrile phase usually lasts for 3-6 days. Symptoms include chills, myalgia, headache and abdominal pain. During ca ...
Vaish Thiraviyarajah Mrs.Noyce A5 April 15, 2015 Should vaccines
... organism would take over the body and cause more fatal infection. This indicates that if there is no vaccine in the body when infected, it leads to illness which might or might not lead to disability and/or death. Vaccinations fight against disease-causing organisms to save many people’s lives and t ...
... organism would take over the body and cause more fatal infection. This indicates that if there is no vaccine in the body when infected, it leads to illness which might or might not lead to disability and/or death. Vaccinations fight against disease-causing organisms to save many people’s lives and t ...
UNIT 2
... • Bacteria which causes TB is transmitted from the cough or sneeze of an infected person. Usually attacks the lungs. A mantoux skin test identifies exposure to the germ. All health care workers are screened annually. Residents in facilities are screened upon admission to the facility. ...
... • Bacteria which causes TB is transmitted from the cough or sneeze of an infected person. Usually attacks the lungs. A mantoux skin test identifies exposure to the germ. All health care workers are screened annually. Residents in facilities are screened upon admission to the facility. ...
Recognition and Management of Bioterrorism Infections
... blood cell count is typically normal or slightly elevated with a left shift.1 Rapid diagnostic testing for influenza can be considered. Cultures of blood and pleural fluid should be obtained. Notifying public health authorities of all confirmed cases of anthrax is mandatory. Laboratory resources fro ...
... blood cell count is typically normal or slightly elevated with a left shift.1 Rapid diagnostic testing for influenza can be considered. Cultures of blood and pleural fluid should be obtained. Notifying public health authorities of all confirmed cases of anthrax is mandatory. Laboratory resources fro ...
Mumps Clinical Signs and Symptoms
... Parotitis is the characteristic presentation of mumps, and occurs in 3040% cases, usually after 16-18 days incubation and may be unilateral, or bilateral parotid swelling, which lifts the earlobe up and out. The submandibular and sublingual glands may also be involved and swollen. Parotitis may be p ...
... Parotitis is the characteristic presentation of mumps, and occurs in 3040% cases, usually after 16-18 days incubation and may be unilateral, or bilateral parotid swelling, which lifts the earlobe up and out. The submandibular and sublingual glands may also be involved and swollen. Parotitis may be p ...
Skin and measles - JPAD - Journal of Pakistan association of
... paramyxovirus which is a single stranded enveloped RNA virus.1 According to WHO, it remains one of the leading causes of death among children globally, approximately 158000 people mostly children under the age of five died from measles in 2011.2 Recently, Pakistan witnessed measles epidemic particul ...
... paramyxovirus which is a single stranded enveloped RNA virus.1 According to WHO, it remains one of the leading causes of death among children globally, approximately 158000 people mostly children under the age of five died from measles in 2011.2 Recently, Pakistan witnessed measles epidemic particul ...
Measles and its cutaneous presentations
... paramyxovirus which is a single stranded enveloped RNA virus.1 According to WHO, it remains one of the leading causes of death among children globally, approximately 158000 people mostly children under the age of five died from measles in 2011.2 Recently, Pakistan witnessed measles epidemic particul ...
... paramyxovirus which is a single stranded enveloped RNA virus.1 According to WHO, it remains one of the leading causes of death among children globally, approximately 158000 people mostly children under the age of five died from measles in 2011.2 Recently, Pakistan witnessed measles epidemic particul ...
No Slide Title - National Orthopaedic Hospital
... equiping hospitals, promoting infection control practices and use of guidelines for safe operation of clinics and hospitals in developing ...
... equiping hospitals, promoting infection control practices and use of guidelines for safe operation of clinics and hospitals in developing ...
anthrax as a biological weapon
... nose and mouth at all times The top strap or head harness assembly is positioned high on the back of the head The lower strap is worn at the back of the neck below the ears The straps are snug enough to keep the respirator ...
... nose and mouth at all times The top strap or head harness assembly is positioned high on the back of the head The lower strap is worn at the back of the neck below the ears The straps are snug enough to keep the respirator ...
HERPESVIRIDAE
... • Rabies targets the nervous system and brain causing a fatal infection; transmitted by biting as virus in saliva; zoonotic. • Rabies-free countries aim to keep rabies out by quarantine; countries with endemic rabies in wildlife control rabies by reducing wildlife numbers +/- vaccination of wildlife ...
... • Rabies targets the nervous system and brain causing a fatal infection; transmitted by biting as virus in saliva; zoonotic. • Rabies-free countries aim to keep rabies out by quarantine; countries with endemic rabies in wildlife control rabies by reducing wildlife numbers +/- vaccination of wildlife ...
ENA Topic Brief: Ebola Virus Disease
... viremic. Not all individuals develop a severe course of symptoms, but those that do often expire within 8–9 days of disease onset, and those that survive past two weeks typically tend to endure the disease.5 It is not yet understood why some individuals develop severe disease, but researchers suspec ...
... viremic. Not all individuals develop a severe course of symptoms, but those that do often expire within 8–9 days of disease onset, and those that survive past two weeks typically tend to endure the disease.5 It is not yet understood why some individuals develop severe disease, but researchers suspec ...
Oral antibiotics for ear infections
... antibiotics for middle-ear infections, especially when they have severe ear pain or high fever. • Children with ear tubes should take oral antibiotics if: They are very ill. They have another reason to be on an antibiotic. The infection doesn’t go away with eardr ...
... antibiotics for middle-ear infections, especially when they have severe ear pain or high fever. • Children with ear tubes should take oral antibiotics if: They are very ill. They have another reason to be on an antibiotic. The infection doesn’t go away with eardr ...
Thesis - KI Open Archive
... mild flu-like symptoms before viral clearance. However, in some cases these infections can progress to more severe diseases such as myocarditis, pancreatitis and hepatitis. Coxsackievirus induced hepatitis in infants may become so severe that the outcome is fatal. In addition, infections with entero ...
... mild flu-like symptoms before viral clearance. However, in some cases these infections can progress to more severe diseases such as myocarditis, pancreatitis and hepatitis. Coxsackievirus induced hepatitis in infants may become so severe that the outcome is fatal. In addition, infections with entero ...
HIV/AIDS: A Global Epidemic
... drugs used in combination; these combinations are known as drug “cocktails.” There are currently three classes of antiretroviral drugs: reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and HIV fusion inhibitors. A standard HAART regimen consists of two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a p ...
... drugs used in combination; these combinations are known as drug “cocktails.” There are currently three classes of antiretroviral drugs: reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and HIV fusion inhibitors. A standard HAART regimen consists of two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a p ...
EliSpot and CD57+
... not active anymore, the T-cellular immune response should cease. It is not possible to test the treatment success by Borrelia antibodies, because the “titer" of antibodies can persist in the blood over years. Recent Borrelia burgdorferi infections (e.g. 'bulls-eye rash' or 'summer flu') can develop ...
... not active anymore, the T-cellular immune response should cease. It is not possible to test the treatment success by Borrelia antibodies, because the “titer" of antibodies can persist in the blood over years. Recent Borrelia burgdorferi infections (e.g. 'bulls-eye rash' or 'summer flu') can develop ...
Microsporidiosis
... involved in the care of patients with HIV. Users are cautioned that, because of the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. Finally, it is intended that these slides be used as prepared, without changes in either content or attribution. Users are asked ...
... involved in the care of patients with HIV. Users are cautioned that, because of the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. Finally, it is intended that these slides be used as prepared, without changes in either content or attribution. Users are asked ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.