Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape Open Access
... viral antigens. It should, however, be noted that in this context other autophagy pathways could also potentially contribute. CMA has been less well studied, but this pathway has also been shown to be capable of generating CD4+ T cell epitopes from cellular proteins [41]. What about viral proteins i ...
... viral antigens. It should, however, be noted that in this context other autophagy pathways could also potentially contribute. CMA has been less well studied, but this pathway has also been shown to be capable of generating CD4+ T cell epitopes from cellular proteins [41]. What about viral proteins i ...
Examples of Supervisors and Research Projects (Wellcome)
... Example of PhD project Re-programming of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus Immune correlates of Zika virus exposure. Modulation of macrophage cell death in pulmonary aspergillosis Mathematical modelling of the impact of CD8+ T cell dynamics on the control of persistent viral infection The autologous ant ...
... Example of PhD project Re-programming of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus Immune correlates of Zika virus exposure. Modulation of macrophage cell death in pulmonary aspergillosis Mathematical modelling of the impact of CD8+ T cell dynamics on the control of persistent viral infection The autologous ant ...
html - ispor
... probability of transmission given contact, pt, a single probability which can be scaled to ...
... probability of transmission given contact, pt, a single probability which can be scaled to ...
Harnessing Local Immunity for an Effective Universal Swine
... and nasal mucosa were detected. IFNγ secretion by lymph node cells could be induced by exposure to the heterologous challenge strain, suggesting that cell-mediated immunity was also involved in the cross protective effect. Similarly, in NS-1-truncated LAIV immunised animals, heterosubtypic T cell pr ...
... and nasal mucosa were detected. IFNγ secretion by lymph node cells could be induced by exposure to the heterologous challenge strain, suggesting that cell-mediated immunity was also involved in the cross protective effect. Similarly, in NS-1-truncated LAIV immunised animals, heterosubtypic T cell pr ...
GB virus C coinfection and HIV-1 disease progression - UvA-DARE
... the effect that GBV-C RNA and E2 antibody have on HIV-1 disease progression (i.e., time between HIV-1 seroconversion and SI conversion, first CD4+ cell count !200/mL, AIDS, or death; and time between diagnosis of AIDS and death). We analyzed the effect of GBV-C RNA and E2 antibody in the first sampl ...
... the effect that GBV-C RNA and E2 antibody have on HIV-1 disease progression (i.e., time between HIV-1 seroconversion and SI conversion, first CD4+ cell count !200/mL, AIDS, or death; and time between diagnosis of AIDS and death). We analyzed the effect of GBV-C RNA and E2 antibody in the first sampl ...
Pathogen Evolution - Sinauer Associates
... grades ranging from I to V, with I being the most virulent, causing a case fatality rate greater than 99%, and V being the least virulent, causing a case fatality rate of less than 50%. Strain III with intermediate virulence rapidly outcompeted both the highly virulent initial strain I and the least ...
... grades ranging from I to V, with I being the most virulent, causing a case fatality rate greater than 99%, and V being the least virulent, causing a case fatality rate of less than 50%. Strain III with intermediate virulence rapidly outcompeted both the highly virulent initial strain I and the least ...
MEASLES INFORMATION SHEET
... While many older adults are immune to measles because they were infected as children, young adults may have either not had measles, or received measles immunisation. Unimmunised children who have come into contact with measles and who do not receive MMR or immunoglobulin should not attend school unt ...
... While many older adults are immune to measles because they were infected as children, young adults may have either not had measles, or received measles immunisation. Unimmunised children who have come into contact with measles and who do not receive MMR or immunoglobulin should not attend school unt ...
cough - University of Yeditepe Faculty of Medicine, 2011
... smoking cessation will generally result in resolution of the cough within 4 weeks – Assess if the patient is on an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) – stopping the ACEI will generally result in cough cessation within 4 weeks ...
... smoking cessation will generally result in resolution of the cough within 4 weeks – Assess if the patient is on an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) – stopping the ACEI will generally result in cough cessation within 4 weeks ...
Influenza Pandemic Readiness and Response Plan (Draft)
... adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and Legionella spp. Reported sensitivities and specificities of clinical definitions for influenza-like illness in studies primarily among adults that include fever and cough have ranged from 63% to 78% and 55% to 71%, respe ...
... adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and Legionella spp. Reported sensitivities and specificities of clinical definitions for influenza-like illness in studies primarily among adults that include fever and cough have ranged from 63% to 78% and 55% to 71%, respe ...
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... used by T-cell-line-tropic (T-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains to enter target cells (5, 27), whereas CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) allows the entry of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV strains (2, 9, 16, 20, 21). The CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), the natur ...
... used by T-cell-line-tropic (T-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains to enter target cells (5, 27), whereas CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) allows the entry of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV strains (2, 9, 16, 20, 21). The CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), the natur ...
Emverm
... Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In carcinogenicity tests of mebendazole in mice and rats, no carcinogenic effects were seen at doses as high as 40 mg/kg (one to two times the human dose, based on mg/m2) given daily over two years. Dominant lethal mutation tests in mice showed no ...
... Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In carcinogenicity tests of mebendazole in mice and rats, no carcinogenic effects were seen at doses as high as 40 mg/kg (one to two times the human dose, based on mg/m2) given daily over two years. Dominant lethal mutation tests in mice showed no ...
no serologic evidence of an association found between gulf war
... quality of an anti-mycoplasmal antibody response is reflective of active disease or, conversely, if one antibody response is protective compared with another. This type of analysis is most easily performed using immunoblot analyses since specific reactive antigens can be discerned, whereas ELISA tec ...
... quality of an anti-mycoplasmal antibody response is reflective of active disease or, conversely, if one antibody response is protective compared with another. This type of analysis is most easily performed using immunoblot analyses since specific reactive antigens can be discerned, whereas ELISA tec ...
Ebola the Evolving Epidemic: From Africa to Europe & US
... been definitively established, though multiple studies have shown that the virus can persist in semen for longer than in blood or other body fluids Delhi airport quarantined six people at high-risk suspected with Ebola on November 17. Health officials at airport are monitoring the situation very clo ...
... been definitively established, though multiple studies have shown that the virus can persist in semen for longer than in blood or other body fluids Delhi airport quarantined six people at high-risk suspected with Ebola on November 17. Health officials at airport are monitoring the situation very clo ...
Reactive And Enteropathic Arthritis
... pattern may be additive. Hip disease is uncommon and exclusively upper extremity involvement is extremely rare. The joints are typically warm, swollen, and tender, and can mimic a septic arthritis, reminding that aspiration of synovial fluid and cultures are mandatory when assessing such patients. A ...
... pattern may be additive. Hip disease is uncommon and exclusively upper extremity involvement is extremely rare. The joints are typically warm, swollen, and tender, and can mimic a septic arthritis, reminding that aspiration of synovial fluid and cultures are mandatory when assessing such patients. A ...
Pathogenesis of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection
... Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is an acute and recurring respiratory disease which has an elevated effect on public health worldwide. IAV infection is highly contagious and unique among human viruses, having two epidemiological modes, as seasonal epidemics, or over longer time periods, as pandemi ...
... Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is an acute and recurring respiratory disease which has an elevated effect on public health worldwide. IAV infection is highly contagious and unique among human viruses, having two epidemiological modes, as seasonal epidemics, or over longer time periods, as pandemi ...
Epizootiologic investigations of selected infectious disease
... Remond, 1994; Daniels et al., 1999; Leutenegger et al., 1999a), and other feline species. Antibodies to FCoV have been reported in free-ranging Canada lynx (Biek et al., 2002). Antibodies reacting with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antigens were found in at least half of the species in the fam ...
... Remond, 1994; Daniels et al., 1999; Leutenegger et al., 1999a), and other feline species. Antibodies to FCoV have been reported in free-ranging Canada lynx (Biek et al., 2002). Antibodies reacting with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antigens were found in at least half of the species in the fam ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook - 3.1 Vaccination for Aboriginal
... Since October 2009, only one type of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (PRP-T) has been used in Australian infants (refer to 4.3 Haemophilus influenzae type b). Before the introduction of an effective Hib vaccine, not only was the incidence of invasive Hib disease very high in Indigenous c ...
... Since October 2009, only one type of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (PRP-T) has been used in Australian infants (refer to 4.3 Haemophilus influenzae type b). Before the introduction of an effective Hib vaccine, not only was the incidence of invasive Hib disease very high in Indigenous c ...
VIRUSES SYSTEMS IN MARINE PLANKTONIC
... most often been the choice for viewing viruses directly because it affords resolution of up to a few nanometers, permitting visualization of the shape and morphological details of the viruses. Sieburth (1979) used TEM to observe viruses in seawater but did not provide concentration estimates. The fi ...
... most often been the choice for viewing viruses directly because it affords resolution of up to a few nanometers, permitting visualization of the shape and morphological details of the viruses. Sieburth (1979) used TEM to observe viruses in seawater but did not provide concentration estimates. The fi ...
HIV - cste2.org
... HIV cases should include persons with positive conclusions from any testing algorithm recommended by Criteria for Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Approved Guideline, [CLSI document M53A, ISBN 1-56238-758-8], published June 2011 by Clinical and Laboratory S ...
... HIV cases should include persons with positive conclusions from any testing algorithm recommended by Criteria for Laboratory Testing and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Approved Guideline, [CLSI document M53A, ISBN 1-56238-758-8], published June 2011 by Clinical and Laboratory S ...
Bovine Leukemia Virus Gene Segment Detected in Human Breast
... the presence of BLV could be a protective factor for cancer developing, which was not confirmed in the statistical analysis, giving way to other questions such as which is the probability that over time, these tissues without actual malignancy but BLV positives, could begin a neoplastic process and ...
... the presence of BLV could be a protective factor for cancer developing, which was not confirmed in the statistical analysis, giving way to other questions such as which is the probability that over time, these tissues without actual malignancy but BLV positives, could begin a neoplastic process and ...
PDF - Theranostics
... destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their rapid recent clinical development. However this also makes their pre-clinical and clinical study complex, as many parameters may affect their therapeutic potential and so defining reason for ...
... destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their rapid recent clinical development. However this also makes their pre-clinical and clinical study complex, as many parameters may affect their therapeutic potential and so defining reason for ...
Viktor`s Notes * Conjunctival and Scleral Disorders
... - although cultures can be taken, special tissue culture facilities are necessary; secondary bacterial infection is very rare (if suspected → stained eye smears, cultures). TREATMENT no treatment is needed or available! self-limiting, lasting 1-3 wk in severe cases. highly contagious!!! - wash ...
... - although cultures can be taken, special tissue culture facilities are necessary; secondary bacterial infection is very rare (if suspected → stained eye smears, cultures). TREATMENT no treatment is needed or available! self-limiting, lasting 1-3 wk in severe cases. highly contagious!!! - wash ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.