What is mumps? Mumps is a contagious viral disease that can infect
... Getting the mumps vaccine after contact with an infected person will not prevent infection from the current exposure. However, if you don’t become infected, mumps vaccine is recommended after contact to provide protection against future exposures. What can I do to prevent mumps? People born before 1 ...
... Getting the mumps vaccine after contact with an infected person will not prevent infection from the current exposure. However, if you don’t become infected, mumps vaccine is recommended after contact to provide protection against future exposures. What can I do to prevent mumps? People born before 1 ...
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... which includes infected animals in the latent state of MAP infection. Therefore, a test with specificity less than 1 would generate false positive test results for not only animals free of MAP infection, but also infected animals shedding no MAP. On the other hand, test sensitivity is the probabilit ...
... which includes infected animals in the latent state of MAP infection. Therefore, a test with specificity less than 1 would generate false positive test results for not only animals free of MAP infection, but also infected animals shedding no MAP. On the other hand, test sensitivity is the probabilit ...
WHO/PAHO Collaborating Center on New and Emerging
... a) Establish epidemiological analysis methods to predict the trends of new and emerging zoonoses, define appropriate methods of risk assessment of disease introduction by international trade and population migration. b) Develop diagnostic tools and molecular biological markers for diagnosis and epid ...
... a) Establish epidemiological analysis methods to predict the trends of new and emerging zoonoses, define appropriate methods of risk assessment of disease introduction by international trade and population migration. b) Develop diagnostic tools and molecular biological markers for diagnosis and epid ...
Communicable Disease Factsheet: Measles Information for Contacts
... Measles can be difficult to diagnose early in the illness because there are many other viruses that cause similar illnesses with fever and a rash. Sometimes the presence of white spots inside the mouth, called Koplik spots, the timing of the fever and the rash, and the characteristics of the rash ca ...
... Measles can be difficult to diagnose early in the illness because there are many other viruses that cause similar illnesses with fever and a rash. Sometimes the presence of white spots inside the mouth, called Koplik spots, the timing of the fever and the rash, and the characteristics of the rash ca ...
Childhood immunisations
... They should not be given, either before or after the vaccination, as a ‘just in case’ measure, as the vaccine may not work so well. Remember, never give medicines that contain aspirin to children under 16. If you are worried about your baby, trust your instincts. Speak to your GP practice or call NH ...
... They should not be given, either before or after the vaccination, as a ‘just in case’ measure, as the vaccine may not work so well. Remember, never give medicines that contain aspirin to children under 16. If you are worried about your baby, trust your instincts. Speak to your GP practice or call NH ...
Detection of yellow fever virus: a comparison of
... of the resulting plaques provides a marker for the number of infectious particles present in the sample. This assay usually takes up to 5 days before results are obtained and must be carried out under L2 or L3 laboratory conditions, depending on the yellow fever virus strain used. For clinical diagn ...
... of the resulting plaques provides a marker for the number of infectious particles present in the sample. This assay usually takes up to 5 days before results are obtained and must be carried out under L2 or L3 laboratory conditions, depending on the yellow fever virus strain used. For clinical diagn ...
OPA Solution - ActiveForever
... worldwide to high-level disinfect reusable medical and dental devices. As part of its commitment to infection prevention, ASP has conducted extensive tests to evaluate the efficacy of CIDEX OPA Solution. Results show that CIDEX OPA Solution is bactericidal—including for MRSA and VRE—mycobactericidal ...
... worldwide to high-level disinfect reusable medical and dental devices. As part of its commitment to infection prevention, ASP has conducted extensive tests to evaluate the efficacy of CIDEX OPA Solution. Results show that CIDEX OPA Solution is bactericidal—including for MRSA and VRE—mycobactericidal ...
Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans
... (Meng et al. 1997). Similar findings were also reported in many other developing and industrialized countries, indicating that swine HEV infection in pigs is common worldwide (Meng 2003). The ubiquitous nature of swine HEV infection in pigs provides a source of virus for zoonotic human infections. S ...
... (Meng et al. 1997). Similar findings were also reported in many other developing and industrialized countries, indicating that swine HEV infection in pigs is common worldwide (Meng 2003). The ubiquitous nature of swine HEV infection in pigs provides a source of virus for zoonotic human infections. S ...
medicina universitaria
... were rarely reported (<1-5.7%) but unexplained bleeding was reported in 18% of the cases.66 Regarding DRC outbreak, the most common symptoms were the same as the West African outbreak with almost similar proportions: fever (92%), fatigue (71%), vomiting (47%), diarrhea (68%), anorexia (39%), headach ...
... were rarely reported (<1-5.7%) but unexplained bleeding was reported in 18% of the cases.66 Regarding DRC outbreak, the most common symptoms were the same as the West African outbreak with almost similar proportions: fever (92%), fatigue (71%), vomiting (47%), diarrhea (68%), anorexia (39%), headach ...
Mortality in East African shorthorn zebu infectious-disease mortality
... Background: Infectious livestock diseases remain a major threat to attaining food security and are a source of economic and livelihood losses for people dependent on livestock for their livelihood. Knowledge of the vital infectious diseases that account for the majority of deaths is crucial in deter ...
... Background: Infectious livestock diseases remain a major threat to attaining food security and are a source of economic and livelihood losses for people dependent on livestock for their livelihood. Knowledge of the vital infectious diseases that account for the majority of deaths is crucial in deter ...
Conjunctivitis
... a) Bacterial=bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by several different types of bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci (staph) and streptococci (strep). Most bacterial infections spread through contact with hands that have been contaminated with the bacteria. Children born to mo ...
... a) Bacterial=bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by several different types of bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococci (staph) and streptococci (strep). Most bacterial infections spread through contact with hands that have been contaminated with the bacteria. Children born to mo ...
Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of scrub
... tsutsugamushi antigens.26 The specificity and sensitivity of the IFA test are 0.96 and 0.54, respectively, at the cutoff titers used in our study.8 Because of a limited supply of O. tsutsugamushi antigens, the study from southern Thailand used the Weil-Felix test as well as the duration of fever as ...
... tsutsugamushi antigens.26 The specificity and sensitivity of the IFA test are 0.96 and 0.54, respectively, at the cutoff titers used in our study.8 Because of a limited supply of O. tsutsugamushi antigens, the study from southern Thailand used the Weil-Felix test as well as the duration of fever as ...
On the Management of Population Immunity
... against the swine ‡u pandemic, it had now entered a “treatment phase”under which treatment was to be the main policy instrument in controlling the outbreak of the disease. It stated that3 “As swine ‡u spreads and more people start to catch it, it makes sense to move from intensive e¤orts to contain ...
... against the swine ‡u pandemic, it had now entered a “treatment phase”under which treatment was to be the main policy instrument in controlling the outbreak of the disease. It stated that3 “As swine ‡u spreads and more people start to catch it, it makes sense to move from intensive e¤orts to contain ...
comparison of vero cell plaque assay
... most of which contained, Cx. pipiens or Cx. salinarius. Of the 34 TaqMan-positive pools, 25 (747o) pools were positive in cell culture and 18 (6OVo) of 30 were WN-positive in the VecTest WNV/SLE Antigen Panel Assay (4 of the TaqMan-positive pools tested with plaque assay were not tested with VecTest ...
... most of which contained, Cx. pipiens or Cx. salinarius. Of the 34 TaqMan-positive pools, 25 (747o) pools were positive in cell culture and 18 (6OVo) of 30 were WN-positive in the VecTest WNV/SLE Antigen Panel Assay (4 of the TaqMan-positive pools tested with plaque assay were not tested with VecTest ...
Guidelines for Skin and Soft
... aureus, the clinician should assume that the organism is resistant, because of the high prevalence of community-associated MRSA strains, and agents effective against MRSA (i.e., vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin) should be used (A-I). Stepdown to treatment with other agents, such as tetracycline ...
... aureus, the clinician should assume that the organism is resistant, because of the high prevalence of community-associated MRSA strains, and agents effective against MRSA (i.e., vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin) should be used (A-I). Stepdown to treatment with other agents, such as tetracycline ...
Addressing Parents` Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm or
... time. If we assume that 1) approximately 10 ng/mL of antibody is likely to be an effective concentration of antibody per epitope (an immunologically distinct region of a protein or polysaccharide),39 2) generation of 10 ng/mL requires approximately 103 B-cells per mL,39 3) a single B-cell clone take ...
... time. If we assume that 1) approximately 10 ng/mL of antibody is likely to be an effective concentration of antibody per epitope (an immunologically distinct region of a protein or polysaccharide),39 2) generation of 10 ng/mL requires approximately 103 B-cells per mL,39 3) a single B-cell clone take ...
Addressing Parents` Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines
... time. If we assume that 1) approximately 10 ng/mL of antibody is likely to be an effective concentration of antibody per epitope (an immunologically distinct region of a protein or polysaccharide),39 2) generation of 10 ng/mL requires approximately 103 B-cells per mL,39 3) a single B-cell clone take ...
... time. If we assume that 1) approximately 10 ng/mL of antibody is likely to be an effective concentration of antibody per epitope (an immunologically distinct region of a protein or polysaccharide),39 2) generation of 10 ng/mL requires approximately 103 B-cells per mL,39 3) a single B-cell clone take ...
mrsa_protect - Texas Department of State Health Services
... issued clean clothing if pus or blood drains on their clothes. Bed sheets should be changed every other day or more often if pus or blood drains from the sore. If you are responsible for changing an inmates bandage… ...
... issued clean clothing if pus or blood drains on their clothes. Bed sheets should be changed every other day or more often if pus or blood drains from the sore. If you are responsible for changing an inmates bandage… ...
Research Project Final Report
... Objectives 1: To define the relationship between low infectious doses of M. bovis and immunological parameters, diagnostic tests and severity of pathology in cattle; and objective 2: End-point titration of infective dose in the intratracheal challenge model. Abstract. The aim of this work was to det ...
... Objectives 1: To define the relationship between low infectious doses of M. bovis and immunological parameters, diagnostic tests and severity of pathology in cattle; and objective 2: End-point titration of infective dose in the intratracheal challenge model. Abstract. The aim of this work was to det ...
Spiral Bacteria in the Human Stomach: The Gastric Helicobacters
... rate of H. pylori infection in Western countries in the years between the two world wars than during recent years (cohort effect) (24). Alternatively, the increase in frequency of infection in older adults might be due to years of low but cumulative risk for infection. Although the route of transmis ...
... rate of H. pylori infection in Western countries in the years between the two world wars than during recent years (cohort effect) (24). Alternatively, the increase in frequency of infection in older adults might be due to years of low but cumulative risk for infection. Although the route of transmis ...
Plague FAQ document - National Institute for Communicable Diseases
... also complain of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. If treatment is commenced, symptoms usually resolve within 3 to 5 days. If not treated, the disease becomes more severe and complications may occur including septicaemic plague or pneumonic plagues, which are often fatal. 2) Septicaemi ...
... also complain of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. If treatment is commenced, symptoms usually resolve within 3 to 5 days. If not treated, the disease becomes more severe and complications may occur including septicaemic plague or pneumonic plagues, which are often fatal. 2) Septicaemi ...
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Ebola virus disease (EVD)
... The prevention of Ebola virus infection depends on avoiding contact with blood and body fluids of infected individuals and with objects contaminated with these fluids. Barrier precautions are used to prevent skin or mucous membrane exposure of the eyes, nose, and mouth with blood, other body fluids, ...
... The prevention of Ebola virus infection depends on avoiding contact with blood and body fluids of infected individuals and with objects contaminated with these fluids. Barrier precautions are used to prevent skin or mucous membrane exposure of the eyes, nose, and mouth with blood, other body fluids, ...
Standard Precautions
... suspected infections are NOT to be labeled as "infectious" infectious . All specimens are to be treated in the same safe manner. ...
... suspected infections are NOT to be labeled as "infectious" infectious . All specimens are to be treated in the same safe manner. ...
4 Bacteria - World Health Organization
... 1000 diagnosed infections leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a paralysis that lasts weeks to months and usually requires intensive care. Approximately 5% of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome will die (Alketruse et al. 1999). Although rare, a number of cases are described in the literature (see fo ...
... 1000 diagnosed infections leads to Guillain-Barré syndrome, a paralysis that lasts weeks to months and usually requires intensive care. Approximately 5% of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome will die (Alketruse et al. 1999). Although rare, a number of cases are described in the literature (see fo ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.