High MMP-9 activity characterises pleural tuberculosis correlating with granuloma formation
... Comparisons between groups were made using the Fisher’s exact test for categorical demographic and clinical data, one-way ANOVA for normally distributed variables, and the Kruskall– Wallis H- or Mann–Whitney U-test for nonparametric data. A p-value ,0.05 was taken as significant. ...
... Comparisons between groups were made using the Fisher’s exact test for categorical demographic and clinical data, one-way ANOVA for normally distributed variables, and the Kruskall– Wallis H- or Mann–Whitney U-test for nonparametric data. A p-value ,0.05 was taken as significant. ...
Clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility of rapidly
... 2. Infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria Rapidly-growing mycobacteria have emerged as significant human pathogens, causing various infections in healthy and immunocompromised hosts. The first cases of disease caused by atypical or environmental mycobacteria were described in the decade o ...
... 2. Infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria Rapidly-growing mycobacteria have emerged as significant human pathogens, causing various infections in healthy and immunocompromised hosts. The first cases of disease caused by atypical or environmental mycobacteria were described in the decade o ...
Management of contacts of MDR TB and XDR TB patients
... Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) revealed a lack of national guidelines in several Member States and emphasised the discrepancies between national guidelines among other Member States [1]. For this survey, commissioned by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), KNCV Tuber ...
... Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) revealed a lack of national guidelines in several Member States and emphasised the discrepancies between national guidelines among other Member States [1]. For this survey, commissioned by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), KNCV Tuber ...
General Overview on Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Biofilms, and
... that tap water functions as a privilege channel for human colonization and/or infection by NTM [66, 79, 88–90]. M. avium is one of the most studied NTM regarding biofilm production. This Mycobacterium is able to assemble biofilms even when incubated only with water explaining its presence on showerh ...
... that tap water functions as a privilege channel for human colonization and/or infection by NTM [66, 79, 88–90]. M. avium is one of the most studied NTM regarding biofilm production. This Mycobacterium is able to assemble biofilms even when incubated only with water explaining its presence on showerh ...
Issue-based Guidelines
... immunodeficiency virus (or HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, effective and feasible TB treatment is available even in developing countries. Thus, it is possible to cure TB completely with affordable therapy. On the other hand, a challenge is that the TB burden is not yet on the decrease due in pa ...
... immunodeficiency virus (or HIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, effective and feasible TB treatment is available even in developing countries. Thus, it is possible to cure TB completely with affordable therapy. On the other hand, a challenge is that the TB burden is not yet on the decrease due in pa ...
Use of Light-Emitting Diode Fluorescence Microscopy to Detect Acid
... to examine a sputum smear with fluorescence microscopy achieved higher sensitivity and equivalent specificity than did conventional light microscopy with an examination time of 4 min [10]. Despite the clear operational advantages of fluorescence microcopy, conventional light microscopy remains the m ...
... to examine a sputum smear with fluorescence microscopy achieved higher sensitivity and equivalent specificity than did conventional light microscopy with an examination time of 4 min [10]. Despite the clear operational advantages of fluorescence microcopy, conventional light microscopy remains the m ...
Document
... to all patients with, or suspected of having, tuberculosis. Testing is of special importance as part of routine management of all patients in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infections in the general population, in patients with symptoms and/or signs of HIV-related conditions, and in patients ha ...
... to all patients with, or suspected of having, tuberculosis. Testing is of special importance as part of routine management of all patients in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infections in the general population, in patients with symptoms and/or signs of HIV-related conditions, and in patients ha ...
Management of Tuberculosis in Emergency Department Settings
... Slide 1: Management of Tuberculosis in Emergency Department Settings o Sponsored by New Jersey Medical School Global TB Institute Slide 2: Objectives o Upon completion of this seminar, participants will be able to: Describe how suspected TB patients present in the emergency department in order to ...
... Slide 1: Management of Tuberculosis in Emergency Department Settings o Sponsored by New Jersey Medical School Global TB Institute Slide 2: Objectives o Upon completion of this seminar, participants will be able to: Describe how suspected TB patients present in the emergency department in order to ...
Role of Special Histochemical Stains in Staining
... include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses1. Several histochemical stains help to visualize the first three groups of organisms; however, histochemical stains do not offer an advantage over H&E in the visualization of viruses and immunohistochemistry is the preferred method for this purpose. Hist ...
... include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses1. Several histochemical stains help to visualize the first three groups of organisms; however, histochemical stains do not offer an advantage over H&E in the visualization of viruses and immunohistochemistry is the preferred method for this purpose. Hist ...
Role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
... Infliximab has a half life of about nine days,41 and is therefore currently given as an intravenous infusion on days 1 and 15 of treatment, followed by maintenance infusions every 6–8 weeks. Etanercept has a half life of about 3.5 days, and is given twice weekly as a subcutaneous injection.41 Thus, ...
... Infliximab has a half life of about nine days,41 and is therefore currently given as an intravenous infusion on days 1 and 15 of treatment, followed by maintenance infusions every 6–8 weeks. Etanercept has a half life of about 3.5 days, and is given twice weekly as a subcutaneous injection.41 Thus, ...
Guidelines on interferon‐γ release assays for tuberculosis infection
... with mycobacterial antigens. Neither test can distinguish between individuals with LTBI, active TB or even past TB. In a recent meta-analysis of studies in low-income and middleincome countries assessing the use of IGRAs in active TB, the pooled sensitivity in HIV-infected patients was 76% for the T ...
... with mycobacterial antigens. Neither test can distinguish between individuals with LTBI, active TB or even past TB. In a recent meta-analysis of studies in low-income and middleincome countries assessing the use of IGRAs in active TB, the pooled sensitivity in HIV-infected patients was 76% for the T ...
The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series
... The success of mycobacteria as pathogens comes mostly from their ability to survive in the environment and to persist in infected hosts for long periods of time. No Mtb toxins are known, and the virulence of different strains of Mtb rests largely within its ability to grow and persist within host ce ...
... The success of mycobacteria as pathogens comes mostly from their ability to survive in the environment and to persist in infected hosts for long periods of time. No Mtb toxins are known, and the virulence of different strains of Mtb rests largely within its ability to grow and persist within host ce ...
SERIES ‘‘UPDATE ON TUBERCULOSIS’’ Number 2 in this Series
... responses either by the tuberculin skin test or an in vitro interferon-c release assay (IGRA). In the only prospective cohort study to date that evaluated the effect of prevention of TB in individuals undergoing TNF antagonist therapies, the risk in individuals who exhibited positive immune response ...
... responses either by the tuberculin skin test or an in vitro interferon-c release assay (IGRA). In the only prospective cohort study to date that evaluated the effect of prevention of TB in individuals undergoing TNF antagonist therapies, the risk in individuals who exhibited positive immune response ...
NSW PUBLIC HEALTH BULLETIN
... improved resolution of subtyping and whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is important to raise public health professionals’ awareness about recent advances in pathogen genome characterisation as these methods are becoming available at state public health laboratories and allow ...
... improved resolution of subtyping and whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is important to raise public health professionals’ awareness about recent advances in pathogen genome characterisation as these methods are becoming available at state public health laboratories and allow ...
Enhanced diagnosis of HIV-1-associated tuberculosis by relating T-SPOT.TB and CD4 counts
... Africa). All 166 participants were antiretroviral therapy (ART)naive at the time of recruitment. A total of 85 HIV-infected TB patients with culture-positive TB disease were recruited from the clinic prior to starting anti-TB chemotherapy. These patients had presented to the clinic with signs and sy ...
... Africa). All 166 participants were antiretroviral therapy (ART)naive at the time of recruitment. A total of 85 HIV-infected TB patients with culture-positive TB disease were recruited from the clinic prior to starting anti-TB chemotherapy. These patients had presented to the clinic with signs and sy ...
Association between Interleukin
... Interleukin (IL)–8 is involved in the pathogenesis of human tuberculosis (TB). However, the contribution of polymorphisms of the IL-8 gene and its receptor genes CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 to human TB susceptibility remains untested. In a case-control study, white subjects with TB disease were more likely to ...
... Interleukin (IL)–8 is involved in the pathogenesis of human tuberculosis (TB). However, the contribution of polymorphisms of the IL-8 gene and its receptor genes CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 to human TB susceptibility remains untested. In a case-control study, white subjects with TB disease were more likely to ...
A study on the assessment of retreatment tuberculosis patients
... for failure cases which had worse treatment outcome. The treatment failure was found to be very high in all the three categories (above 10%) throughout the years. Similar results have been reported under RNTCP from all over the country with a failure rate of 15.5% for failure group as compared to re ...
... for failure cases which had worse treatment outcome. The treatment failure was found to be very high in all the three categories (above 10%) throughout the years. Similar results have been reported under RNTCP from all over the country with a failure rate of 15.5% for failure group as compared to re ...
Chapter 6 Pelargonium sidoides 6.1 Introduction
... et al., 1998b, found that the essential oil from P. filcifolium had good inhibitory activity against Listeria innocua, a Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the Gram-positive and M. tuberculosis bacteria appeared to be more susceptible to the inhibitory effect of extracts of ethyl acetate and but ...
... et al., 1998b, found that the essential oil from P. filcifolium had good inhibitory activity against Listeria innocua, a Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the Gram-positive and M. tuberculosis bacteria appeared to be more susceptible to the inhibitory effect of extracts of ethyl acetate and but ...
Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (Mantoux) Tubersol
... infections, drugs (corticosteroids and many other immunosuppressive agents), and malignancy.11,12 Because in HIV-infected individuals, tuberculin skin-test results are less reliable as CD4 counts decline, screening should be completed as early as possible after HIV-infection occurs. Those HIV-infect ...
... infections, drugs (corticosteroids and many other immunosuppressive agents), and malignancy.11,12 Because in HIV-infected individuals, tuberculin skin-test results are less reliable as CD4 counts decline, screening should be completed as early as possible after HIV-infection occurs. Those HIV-infect ...
SERIES ‘‘UPDATE ON TUBERCULOSIS’’ Number 3 in this Series
... symptoms screens have reduced sensitivity in HIV-1 infected patients [19–21]. In South Africa one or more of cough for o2 weeks, night sweats, fever or significant recent weight loss were reported in only 79% of patients diagnosed with TB on the basis of a positive sputum culture. Importantly, 62% o ...
... symptoms screens have reduced sensitivity in HIV-1 infected patients [19–21]. In South Africa one or more of cough for o2 weeks, night sweats, fever or significant recent weight loss were reported in only 79% of patients diagnosed with TB on the basis of a positive sputum culture. Importantly, 62% o ...
Diagnosis of Lymph Node TB
... Unknown extra-pulmonary Intra-thoracic lymph nodes Pleural Other extra-pulmonary Gastrointestinal Bone – spine Bone – other ...
... Unknown extra-pulmonary Intra-thoracic lymph nodes Pleural Other extra-pulmonary Gastrointestinal Bone – spine Bone – other ...
Full Text - Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases
... was more than ZN method. This is in agreement with other studies (8,12,13). Many reports showed that sensitivity of ZN ranged from 32% to 94%, and fluorescence microscopy was on average 10% more sensitive than ZN (14). Habeenzu et al study reveled that among the 488 specimens, 152 were positive for ...
... was more than ZN method. This is in agreement with other studies (8,12,13). Many reports showed that sensitivity of ZN ranged from 32% to 94%, and fluorescence microscopy was on average 10% more sensitive than ZN (14). Habeenzu et al study reveled that among the 488 specimens, 152 were positive for ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation
... weekly as directly observed therapy in otherwise healthy individuals ≥12 years of age who have a risk factor for developing active TB (64). However, it has not been studied in patients with organ failure, such as those awaiting transplantation. Use of this regimen after transplantation is limited by ...
... weekly as directly observed therapy in otherwise healthy individuals ≥12 years of age who have a risk factor for developing active TB (64). However, it has not been studied in patients with organ failure, such as those awaiting transplantation. Use of this regimen after transplantation is limited by ...
Disease Introduction by Aboriginal Humans in North America and
... However, it infects only primates (Simoes 1994), al. 2009), and its origination point is from eastern and is unlikely to be an extinction factor. Asia similar to early North American human settlers. There is general consensus that humans had colonized North America by 15,000 years BP, earlier 11. Th ...
... However, it infects only primates (Simoes 1994), al. 2009), and its origination point is from eastern and is unlikely to be an extinction factor. Asia similar to early North American human settlers. There is general consensus that humans had colonized North America by 15,000 years BP, earlier 11. Th ...
Document
... And either a history of exposure to an infectious case or evidence of tuberculosis infection (positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release ...
... And either a history of exposure to an infectious case or evidence of tuberculosis infection (positive tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterial species in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis. First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid), which makes the cells impervious to Gram staining. The Ziehl-Neelsen stain, or acid-fast stain, is used instead. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, and chest radiographs.The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.