Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical
... major NTDs are still enormous [13,14]. It has been argued that effective surveillance-response systems are a key feature of reliable information on the prevalence, incidence, spatio-temporal distribution and burden of diseases, which, in turn, is essential for prevention, control and elimination [5] ...
... major NTDs are still enormous [13,14]. It has been argued that effective surveillance-response systems are a key feature of reliable information on the prevalence, incidence, spatio-temporal distribution and burden of diseases, which, in turn, is essential for prevention, control and elimination [5] ...
Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease
... suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. In most of the studied countries, the majority of patients were born between 1945 and 1985. Keywords: diagnosis, disease burden, epidemi ...
... suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. In most of the studied countries, the majority of patients were born between 1945 and 1985. Keywords: diagnosis, disease burden, epidemi ...
Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders
... A number of systemic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, which moreover evolves more rapidly and more aggressively. The underlying factors are mainly related to alterations in immune, endocrine and connective tissue status. These alterations are associated with differen ...
... A number of systemic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, which moreover evolves more rapidly and more aggressively. The underlying factors are mainly related to alterations in immune, endocrine and connective tissue status. These alterations are associated with differen ...
Implementing a vector surveillance
... programming resources, 2) an attack phase, including large-scale insecticide spraying of houses, and 3) a surveillance phase for the detection of residual vectors [9]. This vector control strategy was proven to be effective when T. cruzi transmission by Triatoma infestans was successfully interrupte ...
... programming resources, 2) an attack phase, including large-scale insecticide spraying of houses, and 3) a surveillance phase for the detection of residual vectors [9]. This vector control strategy was proven to be effective when T. cruzi transmission by Triatoma infestans was successfully interrupte ...
African horse sickness virus dynamics and host by Camilla Theresa Weyer
... vascular injury that can result in four forms of disease; the pulmonary, cardiac, mixed or horse sickness fever forms (Guthrie & Quan 2009). It is an OIE-listed disease as it causes high mortality rates and has the potential for rapid spread (Quan, Lourens, MacLachlan, Gardner & Guthrie 2010). Afric ...
... vascular injury that can result in four forms of disease; the pulmonary, cardiac, mixed or horse sickness fever forms (Guthrie & Quan 2009). It is an OIE-listed disease as it causes high mortality rates and has the potential for rapid spread (Quan, Lourens, MacLachlan, Gardner & Guthrie 2010). Afric ...
Evaluating and Treating Patients with Polyarthritis of Recent Onset
... most striking features are fever, evanescent rashes, sore throat, adenopathy, and leukocytosis. Still’s disease may present with joint involvement in a manner similar to RA. Treatment of the arthritis can be similar to treatment in cases of RA, but corticosteroid administration may be needed more of ...
... most striking features are fever, evanescent rashes, sore throat, adenopathy, and leukocytosis. Still’s disease may present with joint involvement in a manner similar to RA. Treatment of the arthritis can be similar to treatment in cases of RA, but corticosteroid administration may be needed more of ...
Review of methods for space–time disease surveillance
... (Reis et al., 2007). The modular design of the system allowed for ‘plug-in’ capacity so that functionality already implemented in other software (i.e., SaTScan) could be leveraged. In AEGIS, daily visit data from 12 emergency department facilities are collected and analyzed. The reduced data volume ...
... (Reis et al., 2007). The modular design of the system allowed for ‘plug-in’ capacity so that functionality already implemented in other software (i.e., SaTScan) could be leveraged. In AEGIS, daily visit data from 12 emergency department facilities are collected and analyzed. The reduced data volume ...
Epidemiologic Features and Environmental Risk Factors of Severe
... SFTS patients have been reported in Japan and South Korea, and a disease similar to SFTS has been reported in the United States. Methodology/Principal Findings: We characterized the epidemiologic features of 504 confirmed SFTS cases in Xinyang Region, the most severely SFTS-afflicted region in China ...
... SFTS patients have been reported in Japan and South Korea, and a disease similar to SFTS has been reported in the United States. Methodology/Principal Findings: We characterized the epidemiologic features of 504 confirmed SFTS cases in Xinyang Region, the most severely SFTS-afflicted region in China ...
“Infections caused by group C and G streptococci” Kristina Trell MD
... has not routinely been performed (8-9). Sequencing of the16SrRNA gene can determine subspecies in most cases (10), but is time-consuming. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been shown to be able to differentiate GGS and GCS to a species level ( ...
... has not routinely been performed (8-9). Sequencing of the16SrRNA gene can determine subspecies in most cases (10), but is time-consuming. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been shown to be able to differentiate GGS and GCS to a species level ( ...
Infection
... Bacteria: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that lack nuclei and organized cell structures. Bacteria can exist independently (on their own) or as parasites, dependent upon a host for life. Bacteria can be found in three basic shapes—round, rod, or spiral. While some bacteria are capable of c ...
... Bacteria: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that lack nuclei and organized cell structures. Bacteria can exist independently (on their own) or as parasites, dependent upon a host for life. Bacteria can be found in three basic shapes—round, rod, or spiral. While some bacteria are capable of c ...
Islam MN, Rashid SMH, Hoque MF, Juli MSB, Khatun M
... Islam M. N., Rashid S. M. H., Hoque M. F., Juli M. S. B. and Khatun M. 2008. Pathogenicity of IBDV Related to Outbreaks in the Vaccinated Flocks and the Causes of Vaccination Failure. j. innov.dev.strategy 2(3): 22-30 Pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) related to the outbreaks i ...
... Islam M. N., Rashid S. M. H., Hoque M. F., Juli M. S. B. and Khatun M. 2008. Pathogenicity of IBDV Related to Outbreaks in the Vaccinated Flocks and the Causes of Vaccination Failure. j. innov.dev.strategy 2(3): 22-30 Pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) related to the outbreaks i ...
Alphanate® (Antihemophilic Factor/von Willebrand Factor
... inhibitors by appropriate clinical observations and laboratory tests. No studies have been conducted with Alphanate to evaluate inhibitor formation. Therefore, it is not known whether there are greater, lesser or the same risks of developing inhibitors due to the use of this product than there are w ...
... inhibitors by appropriate clinical observations and laboratory tests. No studies have been conducted with Alphanate to evaluate inhibitor formation. Therefore, it is not known whether there are greater, lesser or the same risks of developing inhibitors due to the use of this product than there are w ...
INFECTIOUS DISEASES CHILD CARE SCHOOL SETTINGS
... Exclusion recommendations are included for each disease or condition addressed in these guidelines. In situations where a child does not have a diagnosed disease/condition but has signs or symptoms indicative of a potentially infectious disease, exclusion may also be warranted. Generally, if any of ...
... Exclusion recommendations are included for each disease or condition addressed in these guidelines. In situations where a child does not have a diagnosed disease/condition but has signs or symptoms indicative of a potentially infectious disease, exclusion may also be warranted. Generally, if any of ...
What is Hepatitis?
... Hepatitis A & B • Hepatitis A: is caught from infected water or food and although it can be serious, it only lasts for a short time. • It is advisable to get vaccinated before travelling to areas such as Asia, the Middle-East, Africa or Eastern Europe (check with GP/travel clinic) • Hepatitis B: is ...
... Hepatitis A & B • Hepatitis A: is caught from infected water or food and although it can be serious, it only lasts for a short time. • It is advisable to get vaccinated before travelling to areas such as Asia, the Middle-East, Africa or Eastern Europe (check with GP/travel clinic) • Hepatitis B: is ...
Simulating the Spread of Influenza Pandemic of 1918
... 5-54 in 12 countries. In India, the share of age group of 5-54 is 79.36%. This value is relatively larger percentage among the 12 countries. Thus it might be possible that India had much potential to have a big impact by the pandemic than other countries had, because of the larger share of susceptib ...
... 5-54 in 12 countries. In India, the share of age group of 5-54 is 79.36%. This value is relatively larger percentage among the 12 countries. Thus it might be possible that India had much potential to have a big impact by the pandemic than other countries had, because of the larger share of susceptib ...
Coccidiosis in Chickens - UC Cooperative Extension
... systems. Specifically, nipple drinkers reduce spillage of water onto litter comparexed to bell and trough drinkers. If at all possible periodically move the location of your chickens. Any area that has manure on it consistently will eventually have a high load of bacteria, viruses, and parasites lik ...
... systems. Specifically, nipple drinkers reduce spillage of water onto litter comparexed to bell and trough drinkers. If at all possible periodically move the location of your chickens. Any area that has manure on it consistently will eventually have a high load of bacteria, viruses, and parasites lik ...
Approach_to_fever
... The skin ………….for skin rash Throat…………….for pharyngitis Eyes………………for jaundice , scleritis. Nail bed ………….for clubbing, splinter hemorrhage. lymph nodes…….. for enlargmant abdomen …………for ascitis or sign of peritonitis heart ……………...for murmurs indicating endocarditis. ...
... The skin ………….for skin rash Throat…………….for pharyngitis Eyes………………for jaundice , scleritis. Nail bed ………….for clubbing, splinter hemorrhage. lymph nodes…….. for enlargmant abdomen …………for ascitis or sign of peritonitis heart ……………...for murmurs indicating endocarditis. ...
Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A
... history, phylogeny and ecology have been relatively well studied. This information makes it possible to control for other host traits that have been shown to correlate positively with both extinction risk and parasite species richness in mammals, including body size, population density and geographi ...
... history, phylogeny and ecology have been relatively well studied. This information makes it possible to control for other host traits that have been shown to correlate positively with both extinction risk and parasite species richness in mammals, including body size, population density and geographi ...
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines Policy Update: Booster Dose
... in adolescents was considered in deliberations that led to the new recommendation. When using the costeffectiveness measure of qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs), the 2-dose schedule had a lower cost per QALY than did the recommendation for a single dose given at 11 through 12 years of age, because ...
... in adolescents was considered in deliberations that led to the new recommendation. When using the costeffectiveness measure of qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs), the 2-dose schedule had a lower cost per QALY than did the recommendation for a single dose given at 11 through 12 years of age, because ...
Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis in Patients
... The clinical history of the IE is highly variable, depending on causative microorganism, the presence or the absence of pre-existing cardiac disease, the immunological status of the host and the mode of presentation. Thus, the IE should be suspected in a variety of different clinical situations, fro ...
... The clinical history of the IE is highly variable, depending on causative microorganism, the presence or the absence of pre-existing cardiac disease, the immunological status of the host and the mode of presentation. Thus, the IE should be suspected in a variety of different clinical situations, fro ...
Parasitism, predation and the evolution of animal personalities
... the infectious stages of many parasites cannot be observed. When parasite exposure is associated with personality traits, direct and indirect parasite-induced selection for personality traits may occur. Potential examples of this phenomenon occur in juvenile pumpkinseed sunfish, in which parasite fa ...
... the infectious stages of many parasites cannot be observed. When parasite exposure is associated with personality traits, direct and indirect parasite-induced selection for personality traits may occur. Potential examples of this phenomenon occur in juvenile pumpkinseed sunfish, in which parasite fa ...
Infection Control Guidelines
... source of infection. They can become contaminated with micro-organisms from unwashed hands, body fluids or by people putting their mouth to them. Although many micro-organisms will not grow in the absence of water, some can survive on the surface of a toy in sufficient numbers to present a risk of i ...
... source of infection. They can become contaminated with micro-organisms from unwashed hands, body fluids or by people putting their mouth to them. Although many micro-organisms will not grow in the absence of water, some can survive on the surface of a toy in sufficient numbers to present a risk of i ...
March 2003: Volume 31, Number 2 (PDF: 102KB/8 pages)
... 1. Hib and/or PCV: Vaccine generally is not recommended for children >5 years of age. 2. MMR: Do not administer MMR vaccine before 12 months of age. Administer 2nd dose of MMR routinely at 4-6 years of age or earlier, if desired. 3. Varicella: Do not administer varicella vaccine before 12 months ...
... 1. Hib and/or PCV: Vaccine generally is not recommended for children >5 years of age. 2. MMR: Do not administer MMR vaccine before 12 months of age. Administer 2nd dose of MMR routinely at 4-6 years of age or earlier, if desired. 3. Varicella: Do not administer varicella vaccine before 12 months ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.