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ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Lyme Disease in Dogs
ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Lyme Disease in Dogs

... without lymphadenopathy, about 2–5 months after exposure.9,18–24 The illness was self-limiting and resolved in 4 days without treatment. Some puppies developed several similar episodes in the same or different leg a few weeks apart, which also were self-limiting. Tissue migration is more likely than ...
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... Mumps epidemics occur frequently in countries where mumps vaccination have been introduced, attacking both unvaccinated and mumps vaccinated individuals. As mumps disease is transmitted through airborne respiratory droplets, the viral mumps titers in oral fluid can be considered an important paramet ...
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... medicinally optimal, and to be cancer curative and these properties are lost when the milk is boiled. In Jordan recently, there have been many cases in people who consumed fresh cheese brought in from Syria. The yearly incidence in Jordan is thought to be around 4%. It is a reportable disease, but t ...
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... which appears to be very important with this type of therapy, just as in rheumatic fever. The lengthy administration is likely necessary due to the aforementioned internalization of the organism or the presence of the biofilms. The penicillin would be present and bactericidal when the organism exter ...
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African trypanosomiasis



African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.
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