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Obstructive Lung Disease – Asthma and COPD
Obstructive Lung Disease – Asthma and COPD

... production, hemoptysis, wheezing, chest pain, fever, chills, sweats. • Medication use and adverse reactions • Past history of respiratory problems and allergies • Family history of respiratory problems • Smoking history and passive exposure to tobacco smoke • Occupational and environmental history 2 ...
Hospital waste and Health care facilities based infections
Hospital waste and Health care facilities based infections

... 1. Definition Nosocomial Nosocomial infections :  Are infections that develop within a hospital , or  Are produced by microorganism acquired during hospitalization ...
Fomites in Animal Shelters
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...  Can I contract a disease from this animal?  How will my actions affect the health of the shelter population? ...
NM HSD HCV Checklist for Sovaldi
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... species, the infection rate ranged from 3 to 55 percent). (2) Diagnosis may be difficult. A cloacal swab or other sample positive on culture for Salmonella sp. is diagnostic for infection. However, due to intermittent fecal shedding of these organisms, false negative cultures frequently occur. So it ...
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... categorised as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminth worms. Pedants would argue that the word microbe should not be applied to viruses or parasitic worms but life is too short for such niceties so when I use the word microbe I will use it very loosely. Unlike cancers, the diseases caused b ...
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... To view the Multimedia News Release, please click here. While the total number of infected individuals is unknown due to a lack of available data, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 150 million people globally are currently living with the blood-borne infectious disease ...
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Injury Epidemiology, Prevention and Control

... • Early 2004: Widespread outbreaks of H5N1 in chicken flocks throughout eight countries in Southeast Asia with evidence that the virus was mutating to more virulent strains • December 2006, 263 laboratory confirmed human cases, 158 deaths in ten countries (60% mortality). Two cases of very close con ...
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Occupational Health for Personnel Handling Laboratory Animals

... steps to minimize exposure of personnel outside the animal facility to allergens. These actions include the wearing of protective clothing (lab coats, etc.) in the animal facility, the transportation of animals in containers/cages designed to minimize allergen exposure (barrier cages), cleaning of e ...
Start Smart, Then Focus
Start Smart, Then Focus

... 2. Obtain appropriate cultures before starting antibiotics 3. Document in both the drug chart and medical notes: - Treatment indication - Drug name, dose, frequency and route - Treatment duration (or review date) 4. Ensure antibiotics are given within four hours of prescription - Within 1 hour for s ...
Virus chart1
Virus chart1

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African trypanosomiasis



African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.
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