Renal involvement in tropical infections
... related to direct infection of the kidneys and urinary tract or indirect consequence of systemic effects of infection (Table 1, 2). Direct invasion of the tubules in the kidney and resultant tubulointerstitial inflammation leading to AKI has been demonstrated in patients infected with leptospirosis ...
... related to direct infection of the kidneys and urinary tract or indirect consequence of systemic effects of infection (Table 1, 2). Direct invasion of the tubules in the kidney and resultant tubulointerstitial inflammation leading to AKI has been demonstrated in patients infected with leptospirosis ...
Moving beyond averages: Individual
... This body of work constitutes an integral part of epidemiological theory, and provides valuable tools to address many important questions—particularly those where mechanisms of disease spread, or disease control, are linked to identifiable types of individuals. However, for the present task of quant ...
... This body of work constitutes an integral part of epidemiological theory, and provides valuable tools to address many important questions—particularly those where mechanisms of disease spread, or disease control, are linked to identifiable types of individuals. However, for the present task of quant ...
HSII 2.02 Classes of Microorganisms
... Fungi – organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host – provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer – cause a number of plant and animal diseases – fungal diseases are very difficult to treat ...
... Fungi – organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host – provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer – cause a number of plant and animal diseases – fungal diseases are very difficult to treat ...
to the Summer 2010 Newsletter
... respiratory and digestive tracts into the feces, getting into water and spreading to water fowl. Dr. Balkovic then described human flu outbreaks that occurred over the last century. The original flu we worried about was Spanish flu, the 1918 H1 pandemic. The identity of the causative virus was unkno ...
... respiratory and digestive tracts into the feces, getting into water and spreading to water fowl. Dr. Balkovic then described human flu outbreaks that occurred over the last century. The original flu we worried about was Spanish flu, the 1918 H1 pandemic. The identity of the causative virus was unkno ...
Infection Control
... Fungi – organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host – provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer – cause a number of plant and animal diseases – fungal diseases are very difficult to treat ...
... Fungi – organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host – provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer – cause a number of plant and animal diseases – fungal diseases are very difficult to treat ...
Treatment for Periodontal Disease
... Treatment: Necrotizing periodontal disease is extremely rare. Because it may be associated with HIV or another serious medical condition, it is likely the dentist will consult with a physician before commencing treatment. Scaling, root planing, antibiotic pills, medicated mouth wash and fungicidal m ...
... Treatment: Necrotizing periodontal disease is extremely rare. Because it may be associated with HIV or another serious medical condition, it is likely the dentist will consult with a physician before commencing treatment. Scaling, root planing, antibiotic pills, medicated mouth wash and fungicidal m ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM
... or residue of evaporated droplets that may remain in air for long periods of time emitted by infected host or dust particles containing the infectious agent are transmitted by air currents to a suitable portal of entry ...
... or residue of evaporated droplets that may remain in air for long periods of time emitted by infected host or dust particles containing the infectious agent are transmitted by air currents to a suitable portal of entry ...
louping ill in horses
... Animals that do not die are frequently left with permanent neurological dysfunction. The disease resembles human poliomyelitis in that it always begins as a generalised infection, which may or may not be followed by an invasion of the central nervous system. If only generalised or viraemic changes o ...
... Animals that do not die are frequently left with permanent neurological dysfunction. The disease resembles human poliomyelitis in that it always begins as a generalised infection, which may or may not be followed by an invasion of the central nervous system. If only generalised or viraemic changes o ...
History of Small Pox
... Smallpox could be easily released in the form of aerosol because this specific virus is very stable in this form. Smallpox is highly contagious and can be spread easily from one person to another. During the first week it is the most dangerous. It can be spread through saliva and be contagious until ...
... Smallpox could be easily released in the form of aerosol because this specific virus is very stable in this form. Smallpox is highly contagious and can be spread easily from one person to another. During the first week it is the most dangerous. It can be spread through saliva and be contagious until ...
Nov. 3 Darwinian Medicine
... Case study: the role of iron-withholding humans have iron-binding proteins that seem to protect against infection (1) lactoferrin in milk (20 percent of milk’s protein) cow's milk has only 2 percent lactoferrin breast fed babies more resistant to infection tears and saliva and wound sites ...
... Case study: the role of iron-withholding humans have iron-binding proteins that seem to protect against infection (1) lactoferrin in milk (20 percent of milk’s protein) cow's milk has only 2 percent lactoferrin breast fed babies more resistant to infection tears and saliva and wound sites ...
(HFRS) caused by hantaviruses Puumala and
... most cases with a mild form of HFRS. Various genotypes exist within the species Dobrava-Belgrade virus and they cause diseases of different severity [7]. In addition, hantavirus infection exhibits individual differences ranging from subclinical to fatal outcome. The reasons for the variation of seve ...
... most cases with a mild form of HFRS. Various genotypes exist within the species Dobrava-Belgrade virus and they cause diseases of different severity [7]. In addition, hantavirus infection exhibits individual differences ranging from subclinical to fatal outcome. The reasons for the variation of seve ...
HIV Pathogenesis and Natural Course of the Disease
... ■ Viral replication is continuous in all stages (early, during clinical latency and in advanced stages) ■ Half life of a virion is about 6 hours, while an infected cell has a life span of 1.6 days ■ Daily about 1010 virions are produced and cleared from the circulation ■ Average generation time of H ...
... ■ Viral replication is continuous in all stages (early, during clinical latency and in advanced stages) ■ Half life of a virion is about 6 hours, while an infected cell has a life span of 1.6 days ■ Daily about 1010 virions are produced and cleared from the circulation ■ Average generation time of H ...
Fever of Unknown Origin - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
... FUO is often a diagnostic dilemma Infections comprise ~30% of cases Bone marrow biopsies are of low diagnostic yield Diagnostic approach should occur in a step-wise fashion based on the H&P Patient’s that remain undiagnosed generally have a good prognosis ...
... FUO is often a diagnostic dilemma Infections comprise ~30% of cases Bone marrow biopsies are of low diagnostic yield Diagnostic approach should occur in a step-wise fashion based on the H&P Patient’s that remain undiagnosed generally have a good prognosis ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • Most often appears as a unilateral stripe of blisters most often on the trunk that lasts 2-6 wks • Can appear around 1 eye or 1 side of the face/neck ...
... • Most often appears as a unilateral stripe of blisters most often on the trunk that lasts 2-6 wks • Can appear around 1 eye or 1 side of the face/neck ...
Commonly Asked Questions:
... Are some students in college and secondary schools at risk for meningococcal disease? College freshmen living in residence halls or dormitories are at an increased risk for meningococcal disease as compared to individuals of the same age not attending college. The setting, combined with risk behavio ...
... Are some students in college and secondary schools at risk for meningococcal disease? College freshmen living in residence halls or dormitories are at an increased risk for meningococcal disease as compared to individuals of the same age not attending college. The setting, combined with risk behavio ...
Immunity and Infection Sexually Transmitted Diseases
... – when viruses are multiplying in the body or when bacteria are actively multiplying ...
... – when viruses are multiplying in the body or when bacteria are actively multiplying ...
Earlier Diagnosis of Angioinvasive Pulmonary
... lesion may qualify for invasive pulmonary fungal disease [7, 9]. Although not clearly stated, dense well-circumscribed lesions include nodules, non-nodular infarcts, and consolidations. Whether alveolar infiltrates are also included remains a debate, and clarification is expected from the next updat ...
... lesion may qualify for invasive pulmonary fungal disease [7, 9]. Although not clearly stated, dense well-circumscribed lesions include nodules, non-nodular infarcts, and consolidations. Whether alveolar infiltrates are also included remains a debate, and clarification is expected from the next updat ...
PowerPoint file
... Most cases are subclinical, some get respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms In < 1% of cases (due to predisposing factors, such as fatigue, poor nutrition, etc.): progressive, disseminated disease form resembling TB Diagnosis: serological tests ...
... Most cases are subclinical, some get respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms In < 1% of cases (due to predisposing factors, such as fatigue, poor nutrition, etc.): progressive, disseminated disease form resembling TB Diagnosis: serological tests ...
Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System
... Most cases are subclinical, some get respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms In < 1% of cases (due to predisposing factors, such as fatigue, poor nutrition, etc.): progressive, disseminated disease form resembling TB Diagnosis: serological tests 97% of reported cases are from California ...
... Most cases are subclinical, some get respiratory infection with flu-like symptoms In < 1% of cases (due to predisposing factors, such as fatigue, poor nutrition, etc.): progressive, disseminated disease form resembling TB Diagnosis: serological tests 97% of reported cases are from California ...
Germs, Dr. Billings, and the Theory of Focal
... was concerned that the concept of long-standing focal infection leading to chronic systemic disease was not appreciated. He wrote: ‘‘I think there can be no doubt that the insidious slow degenerative processes which occur in many patients who arrive at the meridian of life are due to slow intoxicati ...
... was concerned that the concept of long-standing focal infection leading to chronic systemic disease was not appreciated. He wrote: ‘‘I think there can be no doubt that the insidious slow degenerative processes which occur in many patients who arrive at the meridian of life are due to slow intoxicati ...
Guide To Canine Denistry
... edge of the tooth. The pus can also add a yellow colour to saliva. Presence of this pus emphasises the extent of the infection that is associated with dental disease. Often a far greater number of bacteria are present in dental disease than if the pus was collected as an abscess. Whilst an abscess w ...
... edge of the tooth. The pus can also add a yellow colour to saliva. Presence of this pus emphasises the extent of the infection that is associated with dental disease. Often a far greater number of bacteria are present in dental disease than if the pus was collected as an abscess. Whilst an abscess w ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.