Potential Strategies to Reduce the Burden of Pertussis
... throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infants in child care) and to reduce morbidity among these workers. There are no data currently available on the transmission of pertussis from children to child care workers. Mo ...
... throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infants in child care) and to reduce morbidity among these workers. There are no data currently available on the transmission of pertussis from children to child care workers. Mo ...
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
... CJD prions, with the exception of vCJD which results from zoonotic spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from its reservoir, domestic cattle (17). The consumption of food of bovine origin contaminated with the agent of BSE has been strongly linked to the occurrence of vCJD in humans (18). ...
... CJD prions, with the exception of vCJD which results from zoonotic spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from its reservoir, domestic cattle (17). The consumption of food of bovine origin contaminated with the agent of BSE has been strongly linked to the occurrence of vCJD in humans (18). ...
Pertussis - Children`s Minnesota
... Refer to the treatment guidance from the CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/treatment.html Communicability of Pertussis: B. pertussis is shed in nasopharyngeal secretions, especially during coughing and sneezing. The disease spreads when secretions get into mucous membranes such as the e ...
... Refer to the treatment guidance from the CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/treatment.html Communicability of Pertussis: B. pertussis is shed in nasopharyngeal secretions, especially during coughing and sneezing. The disease spreads when secretions get into mucous membranes such as the e ...
USMLE Step 1 Web Prep — Medically Important Bacteria, Part 3
... Major polysaccharide capsule Mucoid, lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar Oxidase negative Reservoir: Human colon and upper respiratory tract Transmission: All commonly from own flora Capsule: impedes phagocytosis Endotoxin: causes fever, inflammation and shock (septicemia) ...
... Major polysaccharide capsule Mucoid, lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar Oxidase negative Reservoir: Human colon and upper respiratory tract Transmission: All commonly from own flora Capsule: impedes phagocytosis Endotoxin: causes fever, inflammation and shock (septicemia) ...
Mumps (Infectious parotitis)
... already had mumps. In addition, people who receive two doses of the mumps vaccine are much less likely to be infected. The greatest risk of infection occurs among older children, adolescents, and adults. How is mumps spread? Mumps is spread in droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person, ...
... already had mumps. In addition, people who receive two doses of the mumps vaccine are much less likely to be infected. The greatest risk of infection occurs among older children, adolescents, and adults. How is mumps spread? Mumps is spread in droplets from the nose or throat of an infected person, ...
Signs of BJD - Department of Agriculture and Food
... accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from use or release of this information or any part of it. ...
... accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from use or release of this information or any part of it. ...
Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) vaccines for Australian children
... Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease most commonly resulting in a general malaise, fever and vesicular rash. Complications of chickenpox infection occur in approximately 1% of cases, with the most common being secondary bacterial infection of the skin lesions. Other complications include pn ...
... Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease most commonly resulting in a general malaise, fever and vesicular rash. Complications of chickenpox infection occur in approximately 1% of cases, with the most common being secondary bacterial infection of the skin lesions. Other complications include pn ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLES
... immunological and pharmacological strategies that may target these deleterious effects of the toxin. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of disease and death in both the First World and in developing countries, and is the commonest cause of pneumonia, meningitis and otitis media. A number ...
... immunological and pharmacological strategies that may target these deleterious effects of the toxin. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of disease and death in both the First World and in developing countries, and is the commonest cause of pneumonia, meningitis and otitis media. A number ...
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and Gastrointestinal
... its structural conversion to the pathogenic form of the protein PrPsc[11]. This catalytic reaction has also been shown in vitro by de novo generation of PrPsc-like molecules after mixing purified PrPc with PrPsc[12]. The exact mechanism underlying the conversion is uncertain. Both a template assiste ...
... its structural conversion to the pathogenic form of the protein PrPsc[11]. This catalytic reaction has also been shown in vitro by de novo generation of PrPsc-like molecules after mixing purified PrPc with PrPsc[12]. The exact mechanism underlying the conversion is uncertain. Both a template assiste ...
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa
... On 6 October, the Spanish authorities reported a confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in a healthcare worker who cared for a patient with Ebola infection repatriated to Spain. The ongoing investigation in Spain is providing information to further understand how the infection was transmitted t ...
... On 6 October, the Spanish authorities reported a confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in a healthcare worker who cared for a patient with Ebola infection repatriated to Spain. The ongoing investigation in Spain is providing information to further understand how the infection was transmitted t ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis A in Travelers
... medium-endemic areas has been reduced to 6 to 30 per 100,000 individuals per month traveled.14 Interestingly, the risk to travelers differs from one area to another. An analysis of 636 cases of travel-related hepatitis between 1997 and 2005 demonstrated that the areas associated with the highest inc ...
... medium-endemic areas has been reduced to 6 to 30 per 100,000 individuals per month traveled.14 Interestingly, the risk to travelers differs from one area to another. An analysis of 636 cases of travel-related hepatitis between 1997 and 2005 demonstrated that the areas associated with the highest inc ...
Outcomes Important to Lyme Patients
... “I don't live in one of the 14 states that are considered to have Lyme in greater than 20% of the tick population. Therefore, when I went to the ER with an engorged tick on my neck, I was refused treatment, and told to go home and wait for symptoms. I was told that symptoms may come in the form ...
... “I don't live in one of the 14 states that are considered to have Lyme in greater than 20% of the tick population. Therefore, when I went to the ER with an engorged tick on my neck, I was refused treatment, and told to go home and wait for symptoms. I was told that symptoms may come in the form ...
Document
... If nervous impulses cannot be checked by normal inhibitory mechanisms, it leads to unopposed muscular contraction and spasms that are characteristic of tetanus. ...
... If nervous impulses cannot be checked by normal inhibitory mechanisms, it leads to unopposed muscular contraction and spasms that are characteristic of tetanus. ...
Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease: The Emergence of
... 15 years old. Of the 119 neonatal cases, 76% were due to early-onset and 24% to late-onset neonatal disease. Of the 160 adult cases, 30% were pregnancy related and 70% occurred in nonpregnant adults. The mean age of the adults with nonpregnancy-related GBS was 57.2 ± 18.1 years, and 53% were men. Of ...
... 15 years old. Of the 119 neonatal cases, 76% were due to early-onset and 24% to late-onset neonatal disease. Of the 160 adult cases, 30% were pregnancy related and 70% occurred in nonpregnant adults. The mean age of the adults with nonpregnancy-related GBS was 57.2 ± 18.1 years, and 53% were men. Of ...
Extinction pathways and outbreak vulnerability in a stochastic Ebola
... population [5]. When the disease is transferred from the animal reservoir into the human population it is known as a spillover event. Although EVD has a relatively difficult time invading and persisting in a human population, there have been over half a dozen spillover events with more than 100 infe ...
... population [5]. When the disease is transferred from the animal reservoir into the human population it is known as a spillover event. Although EVD has a relatively difficult time invading and persisting in a human population, there have been over half a dozen spillover events with more than 100 infe ...
Pertussis Incidence by Age Group Age Distribution of Pertussis Cases
... the age distribution of cases during these years. A confirmed case must meet one of the following criteria: (1) culture confirmed, (2) serology positive at HSLI with at least 14 days of cough, (3) PCR positive with at least 14 days of cough plus an additional symptom (whoop, paroxysms, or post-tussi ...
... the age distribution of cases during these years. A confirmed case must meet one of the following criteria: (1) culture confirmed, (2) serology positive at HSLI with at least 14 days of cough, (3) PCR positive with at least 14 days of cough plus an additional symptom (whoop, paroxysms, or post-tussi ...
(HPV): A parent`s guide to preteen and teen HPV vaccination
... The vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in protecting against the HPV types targeted by the vaccines. A study looking at HPV infections in girls and women before and after the introduction of HPV vaccines shows a significant reduction in vaccine-type HPV in U.S. teens since the vaccine w ...
... The vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in protecting against the HPV types targeted by the vaccines. A study looking at HPV infections in girls and women before and after the introduction of HPV vaccines shows a significant reduction in vaccine-type HPV in U.S. teens since the vaccine w ...
Mumps FAQs
... Q: What is the current mumps situation in Ireland? A: Since early November 2004 there has been an increase in mumps cases among teenagers and young adults. This is more than double the number reported for the first 10 months of 2004. The cases appear to be occurring mainly in individuals who were ne ...
... Q: What is the current mumps situation in Ireland? A: Since early November 2004 there has been an increase in mumps cases among teenagers and young adults. This is more than double the number reported for the first 10 months of 2004. The cases appear to be occurring mainly in individuals who were ne ...
Vaccines for the 21st century
... In the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical intervention to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. It is believed that vaccines save at least 2–3 million lives per year worldwide. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide thro ...
... In the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical intervention to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. It is believed that vaccines save at least 2–3 million lives per year worldwide. Smallpox has been eradicated and polio has almost disappeared worldwide thro ...
Objectives of hepatitis C surveillance
... Confirmed. A case that meets the clinical case definition and is laboratory confirmed or a case that meets the clinical case definition and occurs in a person who has an epidemiologic link with a person who has laboratory-confirmed hepatitis A (i.e., household or sexual contact with an infected pers ...
... Confirmed. A case that meets the clinical case definition and is laboratory confirmed or a case that meets the clinical case definition and occurs in a person who has an epidemiologic link with a person who has laboratory-confirmed hepatitis A (i.e., household or sexual contact with an infected pers ...
Threat(s) and conformity deconstructed
... and efficient decision making; the collective benefits associated with sociality require some level of conformity to those norms. In addition, many norms provide buffers against specific risks and hazards. (Norms regarding reciprocity reduce the likelihood of being cheated in exchange relationships; no ...
... and efficient decision making; the collective benefits associated with sociality require some level of conformity to those norms. In addition, many norms provide buffers against specific risks and hazards. (Norms regarding reciprocity reduce the likelihood of being cheated in exchange relationships; no ...
Infectious (Communicable) Diseases Policy
... A number of the more serious illnesses (measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis and polio) have largely been controlled by improvements in immunisation programmes. Maintaining these illnesses at a low frequency is dependent on maintaining good uptake of the relevant immunis ...
... A number of the more serious illnesses (measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis and polio) have largely been controlled by improvements in immunisation programmes. Maintaining these illnesses at a low frequency is dependent on maintaining good uptake of the relevant immunis ...
Studies on the transmission of natural scrapie in an infected flock
... barrier accommodation. Lambs of the most susceptible genotype (VRQ/VRQ), that remain in the scrapie-affected flock for the duration of their lives, normally become affected by scrapie ~20 months of age. These groups acted as positive controls. A group of five lambs were taken from the clean farm and ...
... barrier accommodation. Lambs of the most susceptible genotype (VRQ/VRQ), that remain in the scrapie-affected flock for the duration of their lives, normally become affected by scrapie ~20 months of age. These groups acted as positive controls. A group of five lambs were taken from the clean farm and ...
Sabin Vaccine Report - Sabin Vaccine Institute
... journals, and it antici- Research Center project to examine the On a tour of Beijing are participants in the Parasite Grant review of the pates the publication of genetic diversity of hookworm. With Chinese Medical Board of New York. From left, Zhu Xin Ping, Wang a number of manu- help from CMB fund ...
... journals, and it antici- Research Center project to examine the On a tour of Beijing are participants in the Parasite Grant review of the pates the publication of genetic diversity of hookworm. With Chinese Medical Board of New York. From left, Zhu Xin Ping, Wang a number of manu- help from CMB fund ...
Meningococcal disease
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). It carries a high mortality rate if untreated but is a vaccine-preventable disease. While best known as a cause of meningitis, widespread blood infection can result in sepsis, which is a more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and disability in both developed and under-developed countries.There are approximately 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis per year in the United States, and on average 333,000 cases in developing countries. The case fatality rate ranges between 10 and 20 percent. The incidence of endemic meningococcal disease during the last 13 years ranges from 1 to 5 per 100,000 in developed countries, and from 10 to 25 per 100,000 in developing countries. During epidemics the incidence of meningococcal disease approaches 100 per 100,000. Meningococcal vaccines have sharply reduced the incidence of the disease in developed countries.The disease's pathogenesis is not fully understood. The pathogen colonises a large number of the general population harmlessly, but in some very small percentage of individuals it can invade the blood stream, and the entire body but notably limbs and brain, causing serious illness. Over the past few years, experts have made an intensive effort to understand specific aspects of meningococcal biology and host interactions, however the development of improved treatments and effective vaccines is expected to depend on novel efforts by workers in many different fields.While meningococcal disease is not as contagious as the common cold (which is spread through casual contact), it can be transmitted through saliva and occasionally through close, prolonged general contact with an infected person.