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ENVR 112 Microbial Agents of Infectious Diseases
ENVR 112 Microbial Agents of Infectious Diseases

... 2.4 billion people have inadequate sanitation 1.1 billion people have inadequate or unsafe water 4 billion cases of diarrhea every year 2.2 million deaths from diarrheal disease every year Most illness and death in children <5 years old Less services in rural than in urban areas Urban settlement/slu ...
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chapter 12: the digestive system - The ICD
chapter 12: the digestive system - The ICD

... 
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tooth
decay
caused
by
acid-forming
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inflammatory
infectious
lesions
in
or
on
the
oral
cavity
occurring
as
a
primary
or
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viral
infection
caused
by
herpes
simplex
 
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a
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liver,
which
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degenerative
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injury
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(th ...
Client Notice – Improved Testing for TB Infection
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... other contagious disease, and no pregnant women or sucking infants, and no intolerable persons, even though they be poor and infirm, are to be admitted in the house; and if any such be admitted by mistake, they are to be expelled as soon as possible’ (Bishop Joscelin of Bath and Wells, 1219 on the H ...
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... 27 cases were reported every year for an average annual incidence rate of 6.5 cases per million in BC and 27.9 cases per million on Vancouver Island in 2002–06. The mean age of those infected with C. gattii during this period was 59 years (range 2–92 years) and 55% were male. Only two cases occurred ...
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Schistosomiasis



Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, snail fever, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type. It may infect the urinary tract or the intestines. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. In those who have been infected for a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer may occur. In children it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.The disease is spread by contact with water contaminated with the parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in developing countries as they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Other high risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water for their daily chores. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding the eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood.Methods to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. In areas where the disease is common entire groups may be treated all at once and yearly with the medication praziquantel. This is done to decrease the number of people infected and therefore decrease the spread of the disease. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.Schistosomiasis affects almost 210 million people worldwide, and an estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it a year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria, as a parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.
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