Vaccine Preventable disease (Topic 3)
... Invasive disease • Prior to introduction of vaccine in childhood schedule, 1 in 6000 children under 5y acquired IPD each year • Risk is highest during the first year of life and in the winter months • Boys are at greater risk than girls • Factors such as attendance at day care and lack of breast fe ...
... Invasive disease • Prior to introduction of vaccine in childhood schedule, 1 in 6000 children under 5y acquired IPD each year • Risk is highest during the first year of life and in the winter months • Boys are at greater risk than girls • Factors such as attendance at day care and lack of breast fe ...
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Gumboro disease
... AS of ECE that inducing embryo mortality 3-5 days post inoculation. Gross lesions of the embryo are oedematus distension of the abdominal region, cutanous congestion and petichael haemorrhages particularly along the feather tract and on toe joints. • IBDV could be grow on cell cultures of chicken or ...
... AS of ECE that inducing embryo mortality 3-5 days post inoculation. Gross lesions of the embryo are oedematus distension of the abdominal region, cutanous congestion and petichael haemorrhages particularly along the feather tract and on toe joints. • IBDV could be grow on cell cultures of chicken or ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most
... children under five years old are attributed to pneumococcal septicaemia, with over 1.2 million infant deaths per year. The true burden of invasive pneumococcal disease is thought to be highly underestimated, with only a small portion of presumptive cases confirmed by conventional techniques. S. pne ...
... children under five years old are attributed to pneumococcal septicaemia, with over 1.2 million infant deaths per year. The true burden of invasive pneumococcal disease is thought to be highly underestimated, with only a small portion of presumptive cases confirmed by conventional techniques. S. pne ...
anthrax
... In combating terrorist attacks, treatment is a more practical approach than prevention; yet many biological agents are extremely difficult to treat with existing medicines once the symptoms appear. In addition, many of the most important prophylactic drugs have limited shelf lives and cannot be sto ...
... In combating terrorist attacks, treatment is a more practical approach than prevention; yet many biological agents are extremely difficult to treat with existing medicines once the symptoms appear. In addition, many of the most important prophylactic drugs have limited shelf lives and cannot be sto ...
Links between Infectious Diseases and Cardiovascular Disease: A
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations. In the United States and other developed countries, risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated serum cholesterol levels are widely known and accepted as having a causative role in arteriosclero ...
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations. In the United States and other developed countries, risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated serum cholesterol levels are widely known and accepted as having a causative role in arteriosclero ...
Quick Isolation Guidelines
... Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of the DNA C difficile assay, the accuracy of this test eliminates the need for additional testing and/or repeat testing of multiple patient samples Submission of more than one stool specimen within 7 days will not be done If patient is positive the la ...
... Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of the DNA C difficile assay, the accuracy of this test eliminates the need for additional testing and/or repeat testing of multiple patient samples Submission of more than one stool specimen within 7 days will not be done If patient is positive the la ...
Measles ICD-10 B05 1.14.1 Identification Acute systemic viral
... (e.g. toys) that has been in close contact with an infected person Incubation period 1.11.2 ...
... (e.g. toys) that has been in close contact with an infected person Incubation period 1.11.2 ...
Will There Ever Be An Accurate Test for Lyme Disease?
... First, each lab can have their own version of an ELISA test, using different enzyme-linked antigens that are used to trap specific anti-Lyme antibodies in the patient’s blood. When an enzyme is in the presence of the correct anti-Lyme antibody, there is an enzymatic color change that occurs which is ...
... First, each lab can have their own version of an ELISA test, using different enzyme-linked antigens that are used to trap specific anti-Lyme antibodies in the patient’s blood. When an enzyme is in the presence of the correct anti-Lyme antibody, there is an enzymatic color change that occurs which is ...
Health Protection - HSE Web Communities
... Nationally, the Health Protection Agency provide a specialist services to diagnose, monitor and evaluate the impact of infections. Locally, both within the NHS, and via the council, prompt action needs to be taken to limit the impact of outbreaks on the public. The needs of the population In a local ...
... Nationally, the Health Protection Agency provide a specialist services to diagnose, monitor and evaluate the impact of infections. Locally, both within the NHS, and via the council, prompt action needs to be taken to limit the impact of outbreaks on the public. The needs of the population In a local ...
Ebola Virus Disease
... EMHS’ general infectious disease plan outlines the special steps needed in case of any viral outbreak. That plan has been modified to handle the unique challenges that a virus like Ebola may present. The plan includes protocols for patient screening, care, and transportation, as well as handling was ...
... EMHS’ general infectious disease plan outlines the special steps needed in case of any viral outbreak. That plan has been modified to handle the unique challenges that a virus like Ebola may present. The plan includes protocols for patient screening, care, and transportation, as well as handling was ...
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD)
... tissues. On entering a susceptible host, PrP promotes production of species-specific PrP from PrP in lymphoid or CNS tissues. In animals TSE are infectious; spontaneous and familial forms have not been identified, though they may theoretically occur. Zoonotic potential Not definitely known. The avai ...
... tissues. On entering a susceptible host, PrP promotes production of species-specific PrP from PrP in lymphoid or CNS tissues. In animals TSE are infectious; spontaneous and familial forms have not been identified, though they may theoretically occur. Zoonotic potential Not definitely known. The avai ...
Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time RT-qPCR for Detection of Crimean-Congo
... Bunyaviridae. The CCHF virus (CCHFV) can be transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks as well as by direct contact with infected body fluids or tissues from viremic livestock or humans. Our aim was to set up a fast RTqPCR for detection of the different CCHFV genotypes in clinical samples, including an ...
... Bunyaviridae. The CCHF virus (CCHFV) can be transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks as well as by direct contact with infected body fluids or tissues from viremic livestock or humans. Our aim was to set up a fast RTqPCR for detection of the different CCHFV genotypes in clinical samples, including an ...
First reported case of fatal tuberculosis in a wild African elephant
... elephant had a latent infection for over 5 years in the wild. (2) ‘Which factors might have triggered clinical disease? ’ Elephants that acquire human TB in captivity may maintain latent infection for many years [13, 14] but when they develop clinical disease they are either treated or die in captiv ...
... elephant had a latent infection for over 5 years in the wild. (2) ‘Which factors might have triggered clinical disease? ’ Elephants that acquire human TB in captivity may maintain latent infection for many years [13, 14] but when they develop clinical disease they are either treated or die in captiv ...
Prevention and management of neonatal herpes simplex virus
... tably the liver and lungs. In most cases, the initial symptoms of NHSV infection present within the first four weeks of life. Occasionally, disease presents for the first time between four and six weeks after birth;[4] therefore, infants up to 42 days of age should be fully evaluated for NHSV when c ...
... tably the liver and lungs. In most cases, the initial symptoms of NHSV infection present within the first four weeks of life. Occasionally, disease presents for the first time between four and six weeks after birth;[4] therefore, infants up to 42 days of age should be fully evaluated for NHSV when c ...
Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and
... (HBIG) and initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine series at birth is 85%–95% effective in preventing HBV infection ...
... (HBIG) and initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine series at birth is 85%–95% effective in preventing HBV infection ...
A 34-Day-Old With Fever, Cerebrospinal Fluid
... sign of a serious bacterial infection in an infant ≤60 days of age, and up to 12% of febrile infants in this age group have either a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, or bacterial meningitis. Although urinary tract infection is the most common, 1% to 3% have bacteremia or meningitis.1–4 The stand ...
... sign of a serious bacterial infection in an infant ≤60 days of age, and up to 12% of febrile infants in this age group have either a urinary tract infection, bacteremia, or bacterial meningitis. Although urinary tract infection is the most common, 1% to 3% have bacteremia or meningitis.1–4 The stand ...
Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System
... Each year, 1% of the global population is infected. 5-10% of infected get sick or infectious. 1.6 Mio died in 2005 Populations infected: Africa: 35%; Americas: 18%; Europe: 15%; South-east Asia: 44% ...
... Each year, 1% of the global population is infected. 5-10% of infected get sick or infectious. 1.6 Mio died in 2005 Populations infected: Africa: 35%; Americas: 18%; Europe: 15%; South-east Asia: 44% ...
Notable Facts about Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus
... to the hospital for a tetanus toxoid (TT) booster. However, in developing countries, tetanus poses a far more dangerous threat to people’s lives. Specifically, maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT)which affects pregnant women and babies under 30 days old – causes approximately 400,000 deaths every yea ...
... to the hospital for a tetanus toxoid (TT) booster. However, in developing countries, tetanus poses a far more dangerous threat to people’s lives. Specifically, maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT)which affects pregnant women and babies under 30 days old – causes approximately 400,000 deaths every yea ...
In block letters
... Liver abscess is one of the most important and frequent problems in clinical practice. The symptoms and signs simulate a great variety of diseases. Until recently the diagnosis of liver abscess was depended upon variable clinical criteria, characteristics of pus aspired from abscess cavity or on a c ...
... Liver abscess is one of the most important and frequent problems in clinical practice. The symptoms and signs simulate a great variety of diseases. Until recently the diagnosis of liver abscess was depended upon variable clinical criteria, characteristics of pus aspired from abscess cavity or on a c ...
- International Journal of Molecular and Clinical
... Imam Reza, Besat Nahaja general hospital and Khanevadeh Artesh. In this study, 204 patient was women (46.9%) and 231 case was men (53.1%). Among the 435 samples, 98 (22.5%) were positive for the Shigella spp. bacteria. Gastroenteritis is one of the significant problems the world is especially third ...
... Imam Reza, Besat Nahaja general hospital and Khanevadeh Artesh. In this study, 204 patient was women (46.9%) and 231 case was men (53.1%). Among the 435 samples, 98 (22.5%) were positive for the Shigella spp. bacteria. Gastroenteritis is one of the significant problems the world is especially third ...
Epidemiology: the foundation of public health
... associated with being infected with HIV, and that a further decline in CD4 cells was associated with developing clinical symptoms and AIDS (Detels et al. 1987; Polk et al. 1987). This observation stimulated immunologists to focus their research on the interaction of the immune system and HIV. From a ...
... associated with being infected with HIV, and that a further decline in CD4 cells was associated with developing clinical symptoms and AIDS (Detels et al. 1987; Polk et al. 1987). This observation stimulated immunologists to focus their research on the interaction of the immune system and HIV. From a ...
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, snail fever, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type. It may infect the urinary tract or the intestines. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. In those who have been infected for a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer may occur. In children it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.The disease is spread by contact with water contaminated with the parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in developing countries as they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Other high risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water for their daily chores. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding the eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood.Methods to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. In areas where the disease is common entire groups may be treated all at once and yearly with the medication praziquantel. This is done to decrease the number of people infected and therefore decrease the spread of the disease. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.Schistosomiasis affects almost 210 million people worldwide, and an estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it a year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria, as a parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.