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Adult Medical Surgical Nursing 1
Adult Medical Surgical Nursing 1

Latent Tuberculosis in Adults: From Testing TO
Latent Tuberculosis in Adults: From Testing TO

... FN disease on CXR, on TNF-! inhibitors or chemo), >10mm = positive in everyone else • Interpretation should be best using a combination of size, PPV (different from sensitivity) and risk of disease • In Canada, for most people a cutoff of 10 mm of induration has the optimal sensitivity (90%) and ...
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... The diagnosis of UTI in community-dwelling older adults follows a similar paradigm to the diagnosis of UTI in younger adults, requiring significant bacteriuria (ⱖ105 cfu/ml) associated with genitourinary symptoms. In older adults that are cognitively intact and can report symptoms, the diagnosis of ...
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Surgical Site Infection: What Is It and Why Does It Happen?

... less able to fight infection than those with an intact immune system. Susceptibility is increased in the very young and the very old. The presence of underlying chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, HIV or other co-morbidities increase susceptibility and risk of infection. Smokers – smoking del ...
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Influenza factsheet

... Influenza or 'flu' is a viral infection that mainly affects the nose, throat and the lungs. There are two main types of flu that cause infection; influenza A and influenza B. Influenza A is usually a more severe infection than influenza B and although influenza B tends to occur most often in childre ...
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Schistosomiasis



Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, snail fever, and Katayama fever, is a disease caused by parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type. It may infect the urinary tract or the intestines. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. In those who have been infected for a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer may occur. In children it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.The disease is spread by contact with water contaminated with the parasites. These parasites are released from infected freshwater snails. The disease is especially common among children in developing countries as they are more likely to play in contaminated water. Other high risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water for their daily chores. It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding the eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It can also be confirmed by finding antibodies against the disease in the blood.Methods to prevent the disease include improving access to clean water and reducing the number of snails. In areas where the disease is common entire groups may be treated all at once and yearly with the medication praziquantel. This is done to decrease the number of people infected and therefore decrease the spread of the disease. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.Schistosomiasis affects almost 210 million people worldwide, and an estimated 12,000 to 200,000 people die from it a year. The disease is most commonly found in Africa, as well as Asia and South America. Around 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live in areas where the disease is common. Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria, as a parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease.
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