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Is it General Paresis?
Is it General Paresis?

... hepatitis are infrequent but potential manifestations of secondary syphilis (Table 1) (5). The differential diagnosis of secondary Syphilis is broad, which accounts for the disease’s historical name as “the great imitator” (5). The family of the patient did not recall any illness that resembles the ...
The Case for Childhood Immunization
The Case for Childhood Immunization

... Children in developing countries also lack access to new vaccines, such as those that protect against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). These vaccines are only now becoming affordable to developing countries, decades after they were first used in North America, Europe, and Austral ...
Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis
Bubonic plague: a metapopulation model of a zoonosis

... epidemic outbreak, which lasts about one year, the value of l H never exceeds unity, suggesting that human cases would be very rare. Parameter values are given in table 1. ...
Dengue Virus
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... • Body aches and joint pains • Nausea or vomiting • Rash ...
THE EFFECT OF GLOBAL TRAVEL ON THE SPREAD OF SARS
THE EFFECT OF GLOBAL TRAVEL ON THE SPREAD OF SARS

... century, had taken advantage of opportunities for rapid international spread made possible by the unprecedented volume and speed of international travel. International travel has been identified as one of the major factors associated with the global spread of infectious diseases (Ostroff and Kozarsk ...
What Is a Noninfectious Disease?
What Is a Noninfectious Disease?

... What Is an Infectious Disease? An infectious disease is any disease that is caused by pathogens that invade the body. • Communicable diseases can be passed from one person to another What Is a Noninfectious Disease? A noninfectious disease is a disease that is not caused by a pathogen. • Chronic dis ...
AI for Global Disease Surveillance
AI for Global Disease Surveillance

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Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection

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The Mathematics of Vaccination

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Peter Josling`s PowerPoint on AllicinCenter Products and their uses
Peter Josling`s PowerPoint on AllicinCenter Products and their uses

... The SARS outbreak of 2002 showed how air travel can have an important role in the rapid spread of newly emerging infections and could potentially even start pandemics. In 2009 the latest “pandemic” is Swine Flu with thousands infected – and most often young people. ...
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Pathology Laboratory Air exchange Diseases

... • Describe the normal interstitium and the changes in cells and lung architecture that may occur in interstitial lung disease. • Describe the key pathologic features of the common idiopathic interstitial lung diseases. • Describe the pathologic features of common secondary interstitial lung diseases ...
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... (rabid) animal to humans. In India, rabies is transmitted to humans, mainly by dogs. Other wild animals that are known to transmit rabies include bats, raccoons, skunks and foxes. According to the World Health Organisation data, the incidence of deaths due to rabies is much higher in India than othe ...
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... Pathogens are associated with virtually all plant species, from a diverse array of habitats. Although we know the most about diseases of economically important plants, the goal of this article is to describe current work on host–pathogen interactions in natural or unmanaged systems outside of the cr ...
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... What symptoms do I have if I am suffering from hepatitis B infection? Many people with HBV do not have any symptoms and feel perfectly well. Occasionally, the hepatitis B infection may become active and make the patient feel ill with nausea, have a loss of appetite, and become jaundiced. What kind o ...
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Competitive exclusion in a vector-host model for the

... demand on basic essential services such as housing, water supply, etc., and at the same time induce conditions that increase the transmission potential of some vector-borne diseases [23]. Inadequacies in water supplies require large-scale water storage which are ideal breeding habitats for Aedes spp ...
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... of W.bancrofti is larger than B.malayi. Female produce larvae known as microfilariae. ...
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Calf Scours Simplified - Utah State University Extension

... The quality of colostrum varies greatly. It is better from older cows than from heifers and is much better from the first milking than the second. Vaccination of the dam can increase the level of immunity against specific agents, especially E. coli. A blood serum test can be performed on calves of a ...
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Preventive Practices of Infectious Disease Control and Its Socio

... children who either accompany their parents or are alone to sell and buy products. [1-3] The adult sellers and their children who could be referred to as market residents, spend a greater part of the day within the market environment interacting among themselves, and with a diverse group of buyers t ...
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Infectious Diseases in New Mexico

... RNA virus. This virus causes inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A infection can lead to asymptomatic illness, or more commonly cause a mild illness lasting only a few weeks, or a less frequently severe illness lasting months. The virus is transmitted through person-to-person contact (typically ass ...
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Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

... Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because VZV remains in the nerve cells of the body after the chickenpox infection clears and VZV ...
Sunnyside Kindergarten - Dealing with Infectious Diseases Policy
Sunnyside Kindergarten - Dealing with Infectious Diseases Policy

... that is administered for the treatment of an illness or medical condition. Pediculosis: Infestation of head lice that is transmitted by having head-to-head contact with another person who has head lice. Pediculosis does not contribute to the spread of any infectious diseases, and outbreaks of this c ...
The Transverse Myelitis Association ...advocating for those with
The Transverse Myelitis Association ...advocating for those with

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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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