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Communicable Disease Chart and Notes for Schools and Child
Communicable Disease Chart and Notes for Schools and Child

... -Vaccine available and required7 for Haemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcal disease, and pneumococcal disease -Teach effective hand washing† and good respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette‡ -Only a laboratory test can determine if meningitis is bacterial ...
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... Yes. People can become infected by eating or drinking (oral) raw milk or unpasteurized milk products that contain the Brucella bacteria. Direct contact or aerosol exposure to infected animal fluids are additional ways to be infected. People who work with animals (e.g., livestock producers, veterinar ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

... • In developing countries where much of the population lives in conditions of extreme poverty, infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death • In the U.S., prevention and control of infectious diseases have been so successful in the past half century that many people view infectious diseases ...
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... such issues as assistance, leaves, disability, infection control, and available benefits. 5. P.I. will attempt to maintain the confidentiality of the diagnosis and medical records of employees with serious diseases, unless required otherwise by law. Information relating to an employee's serious dise ...
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... The float admits a 48 year old AAF with a history of DM and prior IVDU. She was admitted for diarrhea, nausea and fevers up to 102.5 of 6 days duration after injecting heroin, Vital signs are stable but notable for temp ranging from 101-102.4. She has a new regurgitant murmur on examination (per ROR ...
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... percentages will vary with bacterial, viral, or other causes of meningitis. For example, bacterial meningitis causes a greatly lower than normal percentage of glucose to be present in CSF, as the bacteria are essentially "eating" the host's glucose, and using it for their own nutrition and energy pr ...
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... students living in residence halls are more likely to acquire meningococcal disease (meningitis) than other persons of the same age. Symptoms often mimic those of the flu—high fever, severe headache, stiff neck and lethargy. About 10% of those who come down with the disease die; many others suffer p ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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