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Core Competency
Core Competency

... Explain methods to safely handle blood and body fluids to prevent exposure. Describe the first aid for cut/puncture exposures, or fluid exposures to the eyes, nose or mouth. Articulate the process for reporting blood/body fluid exposure in the workplace. Describe appropriate disposal of items soaked ...
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... Highlight the major achievements of Pasteur and Koch Identify the important work of Semmelweis and Lister Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Jenner and Fleming Define bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, and virology Explain the importance of recombinant DNA technology D ...
specific disease exclusion guidelines for childcare
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... Until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped or until 24 hours after diarrhea has stopped and the child has been on at least 24 hours of antibiotics or after one stool culture tests negative for Shigella. Children who have Shigella in their stools but do not have symptoms may need to be treated, but do ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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