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The Spleen
The Spleen

... Howell-Jolly bodies are round, purple staining nuclear fragments of DNA in the red blood cell ...
שקופית 1
שקופית 1

... Mission by consensus To facilitate cross-border cooperation in response to food-borne disease outbreaks - a common public health issue in the Middle East by: • Choosing Salmonellosis and Shigellosis as target diseases • Selection of a regional data analysis unit within the Cooperative Monitoring Ce ...
Community Crisis Management Lessons from
Community Crisis Management Lessons from

... studied from historical, social, and political perspectives, but also offers substantial crisis management insights. This purpose of this case is to study the community impact of a contagious disease affecting a region similar in size to an area directly impacted by an earthquake or hurricane. As su ...
2017 - AMA Postion Statement
2017 - AMA Postion Statement

... threats which would result in morbidity and mortality. The actions needed to manage and control these diseases would severely stretch our current public health capabilities. Australia may also face threats from emerging and vector-borne diseases, food and water-borne diseases, respiratory tract infe ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Summary of general activities related to the disease
Summary of general activities related to the disease

...  Sandwich Elisa test using RHDV specific Monoclonal Antibody (MAb). A similar test using specific EBHSV MAbs is used for diagnosis of EBHS.  Sandwich Elisa test using a panel of RHDV specific MAbs. This test permits the identification of RHDV variants, and particularly to distinguish between the o ...
Unilateral, nontender, vulvar swelling as the presenting sign of
Unilateral, nontender, vulvar swelling as the presenting sign of

... Because vulvar CD is very rare, there is no consistent treatment for genital CD. The most effective treatment for cutaneous CD seems to be oral metronidazole, and other treatments such as systemic corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclosporine, sulfasalazine and tetracycline ha ...
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Policy - Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Policy - Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust

... tick, contamination with tick body contents, or direct contact with the blood, tissues or body fluids of infected humans or animals. The incubation period varies according to the mode of acquisition of the virus; tick bite: usually 1-3 days, and up to 9 days; infection via contact with infected bloo ...
Infections and Precautions
Infections and Precautions

... cold by following good personal hygiene practices including: • washing your hands properly and frequently • covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing • wiping your nose using disposable tissues in a way that secretions are contained by the tissue without contaminating your hands • avoiding rubbi ...
Organization of wildlife disease services in the United States
Organization of wildlife disease services in the United States

... Just as efforts to control h u m a n diseases may depend o n knowledge of wildlife diseases, so efforts to protect the health of livestock and poultry frequently require extensive knowledge of wildlife disease. State and Federal agricultural officials recognize that success or failure of livestock a ...
Part 1 - Dr. Raj Patel
Part 1 - Dr. Raj Patel

... recommended for persistent Lyme disease. In these cases, it is reasonable to continue treatment for several months after clinical and laboratory abnormalities have begun to resolve and symptoms have disappeared.” Evidence Based Guidelines for the Management of Lyme Disease. The International Lyme an ...
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Canadian Medical Association Journal

... be transferable to settings other than mass gatherings, it would harmonize with the core principles of the revised International Health Regulations, 14 and, in the spirit of the Olympic Games, it could help to foster a culture of greater international cooperation in confronting global infectious dis ...
4-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Jan 2010).
4-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Jan 2010).

... • Biological control: largely experimental, e.g. place certain fish in containers to feed on larvae • Environmental control: elimination of larval habitats; covering ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

... Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics but over the years, some strains, like MRSA, have become resistant to antibiotics including, methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin and many others. Most doctors will drain the infection and prescribe antibiotics unless it is susceptible. They w ...
INFECTION PREVENTION and CONTROL
INFECTION PREVENTION and CONTROL

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... Respiratory insufficiency Failure to respond to medications Side effects of medications (prednisone) Before and after surgery (thymectomy) ...
Fundamental Principles of Plant Pathology for Agricultural Producers
Fundamental Principles of Plant Pathology for Agricultural Producers

... One more example: Spores are blown into a crop, and the weather is cool and damp. However, the tobacco has been topped, which increases plant resistance to blue mold. In this case, blue mold may develop, but it will not likely become an epidemic. The third side of the triangle—a susceptible host— is ...
Acute viral infections
Acute viral infections

... Arboviruses: Epidemiology • Include majority of Togaviruses,Flaviviruses, Bunyaviruses, Reoviruses and Bunyaviruses. • Obligatory cycle of multiplication in arthropod – In ticks and mosquitoes infection can be ...
Mathematical Analysis Of The Endemic Equilibrium Of
Mathematical Analysis Of The Endemic Equilibrium Of

... of the latent component grows as a result of infection of individuals in the susceptible class at the rate of κ. This class reduces due to the progression of latently infected individuals to active TB infection at the rate of µ, the successful treatment and cure of latent TB patients at the rate of ...
Ormond Street Hospital for Children, 30 Guilford Street, Lon-
Ormond Street Hospital for Children, 30 Guilford Street, Lon-

... clinical variable presentation [5] and was considered possible in the present case, according to the new RegiSCAr group’s criteria [6], but not definite. Viral status had not been evaluated. IgE serum levels were particularly high but nonspecific and rapidly normalised after drug disruption. Skin te ...
The Salvation Army Bridge Programme
The Salvation Army Bridge Programme

... Staff must use standard precautions as part of their daily routine. This means staff should assume that all clients, residents and staff are potentially infected and therefore use standard precautions. This is particularly important when there is potential to come into contact with;  any body fluid ...
Lyme Disease - Alberta Health Services
Lyme Disease - Alberta Health Services

... As there are specific clinical indications for the PCR testing, the Microbiologist-on-call must be contacted prior to sample collection. Antibody detection and confirmation follows a two-step approach in line with the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and US Center for Disease Control (US-CDC) t ...
Causal Inference - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
Causal Inference - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites

... Causality is more likely when the association is repeated by other investigations conducted by different persons in different places, circumstances and time-frames, and using different ...
Paediatric tuberculosis in Europe: lessons from Denmark and inclusive strategies to consider
Paediatric tuberculosis in Europe: lessons from Denmark and inclusive strategies to consider

... CXR: chest radiography; PA: posteroanterior. #: the term ‘‘post-primary’’ TB obscures the fact that adult-type TB frequently results from recent reinfection or documented primary infection (particularly in adolescents) and not necessarily from re-activation of a distant infection; ": Cepheid, Sunnyv ...
HPE06_ch21_s3
HPE06_ch21_s3

... • An infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain is called meningitis. • Symptoms of meningitis include high fever, headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck. • There are two types of meningitis—one is caused by bacteria, the other by a virus. ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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