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Risk Assessment: Microorganisms and Materials Containing
Risk Assessment: Microorganisms and Materials Containing

Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli

... cells to their hosts.  Some enterobacteria produce endotoxins. Endotoxins reside in the cell cytoplasm and are released when the cell dies and the cell wall disintegrates.  Some members of the Enterobacteriaceae family produce a systemic infection into the blood stream when all the dead bacterial ...
Tetanus Factsheet
Tetanus Factsheet

... In Australia, tetanus mostly occurs in older adults who were not adequately immunised. In poor countries, with lower er immunisation rates, newborn children, and young adults are also at risk. Injecting drug users may have a greater risk of being infected with the bacteria from contaminated injectio ...
Handwashing - Advocate Health Care
Handwashing - Advocate Health Care

ARTICLE Polio and Smallpox - Progressive Radio Network
ARTICLE Polio and Smallpox - Progressive Radio Network

... After almost sixty years of silence and a federally sanctioned cover up, the CDC finally admitted several years ago that the Salk and Sabin vaccines indeed were contaminated with the carcinogenic SV40 monkey virus. [10] However, SV40 is not the only contaminate parents should be worried about. As wi ...
Investigating Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Variation between E
Investigating Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Variation between E

... Background and Introduction • Previous studies indicate that when cells are exposed to radiation, the most common form of damage is the deletion of certain DNA segments, which can lead to mutations • Mutations can lead to changes in gene expression • The effects of radiation-induced mutations in mi ...
Disease Unit
Disease Unit

... inside the cell membrane that fills all the extra space in the cell. Inside the cytoplasm are tiny structures called ribosomes that are chemical factories where proteins are produced. The cell’s genetic material, or DNA, is also located is also located in the cytoplasm and contains instruction for a ...
Unit 10: Classification
Unit 10: Classification

... - Most diseases begin with _________________, the establishment of microbes on the _____________ or ____________________ - If the microbes are not eliminated, _____________ occurs and microbes ____________ - Disease will result if the infection has a ______________________ effect on the host ...
Immune system When the body encounters a foreign invader such
Immune system When the body encounters a foreign invader such

... When the body encounters a foreign invader such as bacterium, virus or parasite, its  first line of defense is the immune system. The immune system consists of different  immune cell types in different organs that help  the body recognise and respond to  foreign  invaders.  The  immune  system  perf ...
Infections of the Respiratory System
Infections of the Respiratory System

Dr. Mohamed Awad Tag El Din presentation about "Respiratory
Dr. Mohamed Awad Tag El Din presentation about "Respiratory

...  CAP often causes problems like breathing, fever, chest pains, and cough.  CAP occurs because the areas of the lung which absorb oxygen (alveoli) from the atmosphere become filled with fluid and cannot work effectively. ...
bacteria - biology3u
bacteria - biology3u

... The bacteria that received this plasmid now has a different genetic make up and this thereby ____________their chances of survival Example: bacteria become resistant to antibiotics ...
Berk_Conjugation
Berk_Conjugation

... Goal: To transfer genetic information from one bacterial cell to another Means: Bacterial Conjugation Goal: To specifically control who can read the message Means: Riboregulation ...
Combination Vaccines: Defining and Addressing Current Safety
Combination Vaccines: Defining and Addressing Current Safety

... births or in more developed countries. I believe that the adverse effect from high-titer vaccines was associated with increased exposure to multiple other infections that children in impoverished developing country populations encounter early in life, along with possible contributions from underlyin ...
List the ways that diseases are transmitted from
List the ways that diseases are transmitted from

... How quickly do infectious diseases spread? Procedures Suppose a single bacterium is placed on an agar plate and the number of bacteria in the population doubles every 30 minutes. How long do you think it would take before there would be 1000 bacteria? To calculate how long it would actually take for ...
Screening suspected cases for carbapenemase
Screening suspected cases for carbapenemase

... considered for the PHE Toolkit. Admissions to intensive care, nephrology, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery and oncology were considered for the alternative. The assumption was that due to their medical conditions, these admissions are more likely, than other admissions, to have been previously t ...
Where can we find bacteria?
Where can we find bacteria?

... • Under the right conditions, bacteria grows very fast, exponentially • Some bacteria populations can double every 10 minutes • Bacteria grow in colonies – a colony is a visible mass of bacterial growth on solid medium that developed from 1 or a few cells • A colony can contain millions of cells • W ...
Epidemiology and immunoprotection of nephropathogenic avian
Epidemiology and immunoprotection of nephropathogenic avian

... prevalence of nephropathogenic IB becomes to be a problem for chicken industry in China in recent few years [4,5,7]. Through clinical records and the virus recovery trials, 187 identified isolates mainly caused typical swollen kidney, different from the respiratory type strains isolated in earlier y ...
section 2 chain of infection
section 2 chain of infection

... The above diagram is used to explain the infection process and is referred to as the chain of infection. All links in the chain must be present and in sequential order for cross infection to occur. Understanding the characteristics of each link provides the healthcare worker with methods to prevent ...
IDSA Statement on Lyme Disease - Infectious Diseases Society of
IDSA Statement on Lyme Disease - Infectious Diseases Society of

... late Lyme arthritis, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, found that these symptoms may persist for nine years, but the incidence and severity of these symptoms do decrease over time and eventually stop. During the first year following the first onset of illness, 90% of patients had bouts o ...
PDF - US Pharmacist
PDF - US Pharmacist

... If strep throat returns after treatment with antibiotics, there may be close exposure to a strep carrier, a person who carries the Streptococcus bacteria in the throat but has no symptoms of a strep infection. In these cases, it is appropriate to treat the strep carrier to stop recurring infections. ...
What is MRSA? A Powerpoint Presentation
What is MRSA? A Powerpoint Presentation

... and to confirm that staph is the bacteria causing the infection, a culture can be done. In the past, most serious staph bacterial infections were treated with a type of penicillin class agent such as oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin or a cephalosporin. ...
Ch 20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
Ch 20 Viruses and Prokaryotes

... Yogurt, sauerkraut, and buttermilk Digest petroleum and remove human-made waste from water Synthesize drugs and chemicals. ...
CMO (2013) 9 - New Vaccination Programmes
CMO (2013) 9 - New Vaccination Programmes

... data on the administration of rotavirus vaccine to infants with other immunosuppressive disorders. However, given the high risk of exposure to natural rotavirus, the benefits of administration is likely to outweigh any theoretical risks and therefore should be actively considered, if necessary in co ...
Adult-accination-Turkey-Ageing-HAyderabat-2014
Adult-accination-Turkey-Ageing-HAyderabat-2014

... – Fatality rate among persons with reported cases is 0.5% to 1% and is highest in those >60 years of age6 ...
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Neisseria meningitidis



Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. About 10% of adults are carrier of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively human pathogen it is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults, causing developmental impairment and death in about 10% of cases. It causes the only form of bacterial meningitis known to occur epidemically, mainly in Africa and Asia.N. meningitidis is spread through saliva and respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. It infects the cell by sticking to it with long thin extensions called pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors.
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