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Immunization Communication Tools for Immunizers
Immunization Communication Tools for Immunizers

... The majority of females become infected with at least one type of HPV within 2 to 5 years of becoming sexually active In BC, 3% of girls aged 12 or younger have already had sexual intercourse and over 30% are sexually active by age 16 A recent US study in college-aged women showed that infection wit ...
Tetanus - Ontario.ca
Tetanus - Ontario.ca

... bacteria are everywhere in the environment, and can get into the body through a sore or wound. When the bacteria that cause tetanus enter the body, they produce a powerful toxin (or poison) that attacks the nervous system; this can cause people’s jaw muscles to tighten, so that they can’t open their ...
printer-friendly sample test questions
printer-friendly sample test questions

... C. The disorder is caused by a recessive trait and both parents are carriers. D. The disorder is caused by a dominant trait that both parents possess. 23. Why are antibiotics ineffective for treating viral infections? A. Antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial cell processes. B. Antibiotics t ...
Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of
Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of

... Vegetables and fruits can also be a source of some antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Consumers may be infected with E. coli O157:H7 if crop farmers use antibiotics for phytosanitation or if crops are fertilized with animal manure. Outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 associated with apple cider25 and potatoes2 ...
Smallpox
Smallpox

A Comparative Study of Protective Immunity Provided by Oral
A Comparative Study of Protective Immunity Provided by Oral

... in previous vaccine studies where intranasally administered live bordetella vaccines have been compared with systemically administered killed vaccines, protection from clinical disease has been greater with the live vaccines (Davis et al, 2007). In the present study, dogs challenged with highly viru ...
Unpasteurised Milk
Unpasteurised Milk

... Milk produced on farms on the island of Ireland is generally acknowledged to be of very high standard. The microbiological standards demanded of milk at EU level have been consistently improving over recent years. What you may not know, however, is that these routine tests do not specifically check ...
WHO information sheet - World Health Organization
WHO information sheet - World Health Organization

... Duclos P. Safety of immunisation and adverse events following vaccination against hepatitis B. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2003, 2:225–231. Francis DP, Hadler SC, Thompson SE, et al. (1982). The prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine: report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention multi ...
Periodontal Diseases www.AssignmentPoint.com PERIODONTAL
Periodontal Diseases www.AssignmentPoint.com PERIODONTAL

... progressive attachment and bone loss and is associated with pocket formation and/or recession of the gingiva. It is recognized as the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis. It is rampant in adults, but can occur at any age. Progression of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but periods ...
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors
Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

... Prophylaxis for subacute bacterial endocarditis in penicillin allergic patients for high risk surgery Oral route only for P. colitis IV for systemic infections ...
Chapter 8 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses
Chapter 8 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

...  In transduction, a bacteriophage transfers DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell.  In generalized transduction, a random fragment of bacterial DNA is packaged in the page head in place of the phage DNA (normal Excision).  In specialized transduction, recombination between the phage chromosom ...
Risks associated with vaccinia virus in the laboratory
Risks associated with vaccinia virus in the laboratory

... VACV is unique in that it is delivered as a live, non-attenuated virus, by puncture of the skin overlying the deltoid with a bifurcated needle. Because of this, adverse events following vaccination are known to occur, particularly among those with high risk conditions, such as individuals with eczem ...
12. Management of the infected vascular access
12. Management of the infected vascular access

... that requires early diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent further complication. Diagnosis of catheter infection is relatively easy in symptomatic patients presenting with fever, pain, skin exit and/or track infection and bacteraemic episodes. It is much more difficult in silent catheter en ...
Chapter 8 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses
Chapter 8 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

...  In transduction, a bacteriophage transfers DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell.  In generalized transduction, a random fragment of bacterial DNA is packaged in the phage head in place of the phage DNA (normal Excision).  In specialized transduction, recombination between the phage chromoso ...
W.003a SINGLE-BACTERIA CONFOCAL SPECTROSCOPY
W.003a SINGLE-BACTERIA CONFOCAL SPECTROSCOPY

... To monitor the change in fluorescence intensity of bacteria as a function of growth, we first characterized the fluorescence obtained from labeled bacteria population in 1xPBS for detection in low background. Characterization at various incubation times indicated that bacterial growth was accompani ...
Я-lactam antibiotics
Я-lactam antibiotics

... Adverse reactions The toxicity of penicillins is very low.  Allergic reactions: drug rash, dermatitis, serum sickness, anaphylactic shock and ...
The Mathematics of Vaccination
The Mathematics of Vaccination

... 7 Optimal vaccination in space Whilst vaccination is used as a preventative measure to reduce the likelihood of disease outbreaks occurring, it also has major benefits if deployed efficiently to reduce disease spread during the course of an epidemic. Such ‘reactive’ vaccination strategies can reduce ...
Using Clinical Guidelines
Using Clinical Guidelines

Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... Which of the following is not a property of life shared by prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses? a) nucleic acids used to store hereditary information b) order and complexity in arrangement of biological molecules c) the ability to process energy through metabolic reactions d) the capac ...
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae

... present in the specimen in large numbers. However, they are not necessarily indicative of infection, but may indicate that the specimen has been poorly collected or left at room temperature for a prolonged period of time. ...
Control of communicable disease in schools and nurseries
Control of communicable disease in schools and nurseries

cells 1
cells 1

... That's the question an international team of researchers set out to answer. They first extracted DNA fragments from the teeth of two plague victims who were buried in Bavaria, Germany, around the time of the Justinian Plague outbreak. DNA is the material that holds information about how a person will ...
S01 Scope And History Of Microbiology
S01 Scope And History Of Microbiology

... very small pathogenic agents which were then recognized to be viruses Mahmoud Alkawareek, PhD ...
MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

... discovered in the 1880s. During this era, S. aureus infection commonly caused painful skin and soft tissue conditions such as boils, scalded-skin syndrome, and impetigo. More serious forms of S. aureus infection can progress to bacterial pneumonia and bacteria in the bloodstream both of which can be ...
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Neisseria meningitidis



Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. About 10% of adults are carrier of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively human pathogen it is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults, causing developmental impairment and death in about 10% of cases. It causes the only form of bacterial meningitis known to occur epidemically, mainly in Africa and Asia.N. meningitidis is spread through saliva and respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. It infects the cell by sticking to it with long thin extensions called pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors.
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