Page 45 - Educast
... Viruses lie somewhere between living and nonliving organisms. 4.1.1 Viruses: Viruses (Latin word Viron = Poison) are the smallest, the simplest and perhaps the most primitive living things. By 1800's many biologists had demonstrated that many diseases of man and other organisms were caused by bacter ...
... Viruses lie somewhere between living and nonliving organisms. 4.1.1 Viruses: Viruses (Latin word Viron = Poison) are the smallest, the simplest and perhaps the most primitive living things. By 1800's many biologists had demonstrated that many diseases of man and other organisms were caused by bacter ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis A in Travelers
... the risk to travelers differs from one area to another. An analysis of 636 cases of travel-related hepatitis between 1997 and 2005 demonstrated that the areas associated with the highest incidence of disease were East Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Visiting friends and relativ ...
... the risk to travelers differs from one area to another. An analysis of 636 cases of travel-related hepatitis between 1997 and 2005 demonstrated that the areas associated with the highest incidence of disease were East Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. Visiting friends and relativ ...
Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple
... peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (02i, and a hydroxyl radical (OH - ). All of these are toxic unless broken down. In fact, our very own macrophages produce these oxygen radicals to pour over bacteria. There are 3 enzymes that some bacteria possess to break down these oxygen products: ...
... peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (02i, and a hydroxyl radical (OH - ). All of these are toxic unless broken down. In fact, our very own macrophages produce these oxygen radicals to pour over bacteria. There are 3 enzymes that some bacteria possess to break down these oxygen products: ...
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBODY TITRE AFTER IBDV
... The values of the antibodies titers at day 7 after the vaccination were raising proportionally with number of doses for the chickens vaccinated trough oral via, and to a little extent for the chickens vaccinated trough intra-conjunctiva via. The values of antibodies titers obtained for oral vaccinat ...
... The values of the antibodies titers at day 7 after the vaccination were raising proportionally with number of doses for the chickens vaccinated trough oral via, and to a little extent for the chickens vaccinated trough intra-conjunctiva via. The values of antibodies titers obtained for oral vaccinat ...
Bile Esculin Test
... Bile Esculin is a selective and a differential medium. It contains bile (which inhibits Gram-positive staphylococci) and sodium azide (which inhibits Gram-negative bacteria). It contains esculin and peptone as nutrient sources and ferric citrate as a color indicator. Esculin is a carbohydrate linked ...
... Bile Esculin is a selective and a differential medium. It contains bile (which inhibits Gram-positive staphylococci) and sodium azide (which inhibits Gram-negative bacteria). It contains esculin and peptone as nutrient sources and ferric citrate as a color indicator. Esculin is a carbohydrate linked ...
jmorata/TYPES OF AGAR
... Hektoen enteric agar (HEK or HE or HEA) is a selective and differential agar primarily used to recover Salmonella and Shigella from patient specimens. HE contains indicators of lactose fermentation and H2S production; as well as inhibitors to prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria. The pattern ...
... Hektoen enteric agar (HEK or HE or HEA) is a selective and differential agar primarily used to recover Salmonella and Shigella from patient specimens. HE contains indicators of lactose fermentation and H2S production; as well as inhibitors to prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria. The pattern ...
Francisella tularensis: an Overview
... United States. A decline in tularemia cases in these countries since the 1950s may be due to less-frequent exposure of humans to rodents, rabbits, and hares—in turn, reflecting fewer hunters and trappers and a more general reduction in rural populations. During the winter of 1941– 42, 67,000 cases w ...
... United States. A decline in tularemia cases in these countries since the 1950s may be due to less-frequent exposure of humans to rodents, rabbits, and hares—in turn, reflecting fewer hunters and trappers and a more general reduction in rural populations. During the winter of 1941– 42, 67,000 cases w ...
Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases A european perspective on
... but also Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, Moraxella lacunata, Microbacterium liquefaciens, and H. influenzae. Contact lenses are increasingly involved in keratitis: contact lens wear now accounts for more than one half of all cases of bacterial keratitis and has become th ...
... but also Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, Moraxella lacunata, Microbacterium liquefaciens, and H. influenzae. Contact lenses are increasingly involved in keratitis: contact lens wear now accounts for more than one half of all cases of bacterial keratitis and has become th ...
Streptococcus and enterococcus
... post-streptococcal rheumatic fever. Serum antibodies can be demonstrated after streptococcal infection, particularly after severe infections. Streptolysin S is responsible for the -haemolysis around colonies on blood agar plates. It can also induce the release of lysosomal contents with subsequent ...
... post-streptococcal rheumatic fever. Serum antibodies can be demonstrated after streptococcal infection, particularly after severe infections. Streptolysin S is responsible for the -haemolysis around colonies on blood agar plates. It can also induce the release of lysosomal contents with subsequent ...
20-2 PowerPoint Prokaryotes
... contain peptidoglycan. Some bacteria, such as E. coli, have a second membrane outside the peptidoglycan wall that makes the cell especially resistant to damage. ...
... contain peptidoglycan. Some bacteria, such as E. coli, have a second membrane outside the peptidoglycan wall that makes the cell especially resistant to damage. ...
Isolation and Characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
... arginine-requiring auxotrophs to introduce the octopine mutation (because these strains can be supplemented with octopine), and so treat cctopine utilization like an amino-acid requirement. However, the arginine mutants we have isolated were not suitable because they grew very poorly on rich medium ...
... arginine-requiring auxotrophs to introduce the octopine mutation (because these strains can be supplemented with octopine), and so treat cctopine utilization like an amino-acid requirement. However, the arginine mutants we have isolated were not suitable because they grew very poorly on rich medium ...
Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae)
... small numbers as part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory and genital tracts. The enteric bacteria generally do not cause disease, and in the intestine they may even contribute to normal function and nutrition. When clinically important infections occur, they are usually caused by E coli, b ...
... small numbers as part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory and genital tracts. The enteric bacteria generally do not cause disease, and in the intestine they may even contribute to normal function and nutrition. When clinically important infections occur, they are usually caused by E coli, b ...
Sequence-Based Identification of Microbial Pathogens
... wound infections (60). One of Virchow’s pupils, Edwin Klebs, was a contemporary of Koch who shifted his focus from the internal causes of disease favored by his mentor to the external causes of disease, including infections. His early research concerned wound infections. In 1877, Klebs proposed two ...
... wound infections (60). One of Virchow’s pupils, Edwin Klebs, was a contemporary of Koch who shifted his focus from the internal causes of disease favored by his mentor to the external causes of disease, including infections. His early research concerned wound infections. In 1877, Klebs proposed two ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Adult
... Abstract: Respiratory Syncytial Virus, generally recognized for its role as the major respiratory pathogen in newborn infants and young children, is also a significant pathogen in adults. It is a frequent cause of upper and lower respiratory illness among all age groups, although it often goes unrec ...
... Abstract: Respiratory Syncytial Virus, generally recognized for its role as the major respiratory pathogen in newborn infants and young children, is also a significant pathogen in adults. It is a frequent cause of upper and lower respiratory illness among all age groups, although it often goes unrec ...
Environmental and Food Borne Pathogens Caused by Bacteria Lab
... colonies will appear bright pink. If the bacteria do not ferment lactose, the colonies remain normally colored and exhibit no color change. This means they are unable to ferment lactose. B. Presence of Catalase Catalase is the name of an enzyme found in most bacteria which initiates the breakdown of ...
... colonies will appear bright pink. If the bacteria do not ferment lactose, the colonies remain normally colored and exhibit no color change. This means they are unable to ferment lactose. B. Presence of Catalase Catalase is the name of an enzyme found in most bacteria which initiates the breakdown of ...
`Unroofing` a Rare Toddler Rash
... months, as is the custom in your office. Neither child ever had a history of chickenpox lesions. Thus, the rash in both cases was most likely due to vaccine strain-related zoster. Despite your consternation about the varicella vaccine normally protecting against zoster breakthrough, the small cluste ...
... months, as is the custom in your office. Neither child ever had a history of chickenpox lesions. Thus, the rash in both cases was most likely due to vaccine strain-related zoster. Despite your consternation about the varicella vaccine normally protecting against zoster breakthrough, the small cluste ...
Syphilis
... penicillin because the bacterium has yet to develop resistance towards the drug (1). ...
... penicillin because the bacterium has yet to develop resistance towards the drug (1). ...
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Mycoplasma synoviae in
... chickens per farm (12). The flocks were selected with the help of the Ministry of Agriculture, which maintains records of the name of the owner and the location of each broiler flock in these regions. In the majority of flocks, signs of respiratory disease usually appeared in chickens of 29 to 34 da ...
... chickens per farm (12). The flocks were selected with the help of the Ministry of Agriculture, which maintains records of the name of the owner and the location of each broiler flock in these regions. In the majority of flocks, signs of respiratory disease usually appeared in chickens of 29 to 34 da ...
SALMONELLA
... which can vary from mild to severe. In some cases manifestation include fever, headache and chills. Salmonella enteritis last about 5 days, but severe loss of fluids and electrolytes may be lifethreatening in infants and elderly patients. ...
... which can vary from mild to severe. In some cases manifestation include fever, headache and chills. Salmonella enteritis last about 5 days, but severe loss of fluids and electrolytes may be lifethreatening in infants and elderly patients. ...
Infection, reinfection, and vaccination under suboptimal
... Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK ...
... Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK ...
MEASLES INFORMATION SHEET
... The first symptoms of infection with measles are fever, tiredness, runny nose, cough and sore red eyes. These symptoms usually last for a few days before a red blotchy rash appears. The rash starts on the face over 1-2 days and spreads down to the body. Sometimes the rash peels. The rash will last f ...
... The first symptoms of infection with measles are fever, tiredness, runny nose, cough and sore red eyes. These symptoms usually last for a few days before a red blotchy rash appears. The rash starts on the face over 1-2 days and spreads down to the body. Sometimes the rash peels. The rash will last f ...
The Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in Surveillance and Control
... problems and make retrospective epidemiologic investigation impossible. For example, a report of'' Klebsiella-aerobacter group" is not only phrased in obsolete terminology but also fails to distinguish between Klebsiella and Enterobacter, organisms that are characterized by different antimicrobial s ...
... problems and make retrospective epidemiologic investigation impossible. For example, a report of'' Klebsiella-aerobacter group" is not only phrased in obsolete terminology but also fails to distinguish between Klebsiella and Enterobacter, organisms that are characterized by different antimicrobial s ...
Slide 1
... (IRSN) • 10 representative hospitals in 7 cities. • 4 testing laboratories. • Technical co-ordination by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) & US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). • Surveillance results available from Dec 2005-Nov 2007 for children aged <5 years who present ...
... (IRSN) • 10 representative hospitals in 7 cities. • 4 testing laboratories. • Technical co-ordination by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) & US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). • Surveillance results available from Dec 2005-Nov 2007 for children aged <5 years who present ...
Neisseria meningitidis
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Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. About 10% of adults are carrier of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively human pathogen it is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults, causing developmental impairment and death in about 10% of cases. It causes the only form of bacterial meningitis known to occur epidemically, mainly in Africa and Asia.N. meningitidis is spread through saliva and respiratory secretions during coughing, sneezing, kissing, and chewing on toys. It infects the cell by sticking to it with long thin extensions called pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors.