ADIABATIC QUANTUM COMPUTATION
... The key idea is that if we wish to protect a system against the effects of noise we have to incorporate some redundant information. Protecting bits against the effects of noise is somehow trivial in classical world, where for instance one needs to simply replace each bit with three copies of itself. ...
... The key idea is that if we wish to protect a system against the effects of noise we have to incorporate some redundant information. Protecting bits against the effects of noise is somehow trivial in classical world, where for instance one needs to simply replace each bit with three copies of itself. ...
Chaos, Quantum-transactions and Consciousness
... To understand how the subjective aspect arises requires both a radical investigation down to the foundations of physics and an understanding of how subjective awareness, as opposed to mere computational capacity, may have become elaborated by Darwinian natural selection. We thus have to find reasons ...
... To understand how the subjective aspect arises requires both a radical investigation down to the foundations of physics and an understanding of how subjective awareness, as opposed to mere computational capacity, may have become elaborated by Darwinian natural selection. We thus have to find reasons ...
D-Wave quantum computer
... This is a classification method of problems used in computation theory. In NP problems the time it needs for the best known algorithm to solve them does not scale as a polynomial of the system size. Besides, if you can transform any NP problem to that problem and check the solution in polynomial tim ...
... This is a classification method of problems used in computation theory. In NP problems the time it needs for the best known algorithm to solve them does not scale as a polynomial of the system size. Besides, if you can transform any NP problem to that problem and check the solution in polynomial tim ...
Quantum Symmetric States - UCLA Department of Mathematics
... Thus, the expectation E can be seen as an integral (w.r.t. a probability measure on the tail algebra) — that is, as a sort of convex combination — of expectations with respect to which the random variables x1 , x2 , . . . are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Dykema (TAMU) ...
... Thus, the expectation E can be seen as an integral (w.r.t. a probability measure on the tail algebra) — that is, as a sort of convex combination — of expectations with respect to which the random variables x1 , x2 , . . . are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Dykema (TAMU) ...
Last section - end of Lecture 4
... Table 1: Coefficients in the non-local action due to different fields. All numbers should be divided by 11520π 2 . The gravitational conformal anomalies have also been uncovered in the nonlocal actions [18, 10]. At third order in the curvature, very many more terms are possible, having forms similar ...
... Table 1: Coefficients in the non-local action due to different fields. All numbers should be divided by 11520π 2 . The gravitational conformal anomalies have also been uncovered in the nonlocal actions [18, 10]. At third order in the curvature, very many more terms are possible, having forms similar ...
Metric fluctuations and decoherence
... spacetime fluctuations, namely decoherence of quantum systems. In the case that the spacetime fluctuations are related to the Planck scale then the decoherence time corresponding to an energy difference of 1 eV would be of the order of 0.3 million years, far beyond any experimental relevance. Even i ...
... spacetime fluctuations, namely decoherence of quantum systems. In the case that the spacetime fluctuations are related to the Planck scale then the decoherence time corresponding to an energy difference of 1 eV would be of the order of 0.3 million years, far beyond any experimental relevance. Even i ...
Quantum One-Way Communication is Exponentially Stronger Than
... protocol requires poly(n) bits of communication. That quantum protocol requires two rounds of communication. Ever since Raz’s paper it was open whether the same exponential separation can be achieved with a quantum protocol that uses only one round of communication. Here we settle this question in t ...
... protocol requires poly(n) bits of communication. That quantum protocol requires two rounds of communication. Ever since Raz’s paper it was open whether the same exponential separation can be achieved with a quantum protocol that uses only one round of communication. Here we settle this question in t ...
md-vol 4 no 2.qxp - md
... As it is known, the pretext for the above-mentioned revolution was impossibility to explain certain phenomena of the microworld by the laws of classical physics, and its consequence was the origin of quantum mechanics, the principles of which (identity and discreteness), as was noticed earlier, ensu ...
... As it is known, the pretext for the above-mentioned revolution was impossibility to explain certain phenomena of the microworld by the laws of classical physics, and its consequence was the origin of quantum mechanics, the principles of which (identity and discreteness), as was noticed earlier, ensu ...
On Participatory Realism
... Einstein. He wrote in the “Reply to Criticisms” section of the Schilpp volume [112]: A few more remarks of a general nature concerning concepts and [also] concerning the insinuation that a concept—for example that of the real—is something metaphysical (and therefore to be rejected). A basic conceptu ...
... Einstein. He wrote in the “Reply to Criticisms” section of the Schilpp volume [112]: A few more remarks of a general nature concerning concepts and [also] concerning the insinuation that a concept—for example that of the real—is something metaphysical (and therefore to be rejected). A basic conceptu ...
Another Look at the Mechanisms of Hydride Transfer Enzymes with
... The normal mode transformation allows for several approximations to be made. 20 First, the normal modes are taken to be fast compared to the centroid motion, which requires a multi-step molecular dynamics propagation. 21 Second, Nos´e-Hoover thermostats were attached to each normal mode to properly ...
... The normal mode transformation allows for several approximations to be made. 20 First, the normal modes are taken to be fast compared to the centroid motion, which requires a multi-step molecular dynamics propagation. 21 Second, Nos´e-Hoover thermostats were attached to each normal mode to properly ...
Is Quantum Chemistry a Degenerating Research Programme?
... quantum chemists are able to make predictions on the stability of molecules that do not yet exist. All in all, there is little reason to suppose that the area of molecular structure poses serious questions. (ii) The next auxiliary hypothesis is the neglect of relativistic effects. This neglect is no ...
... quantum chemists are able to make predictions on the stability of molecules that do not yet exist. All in all, there is little reason to suppose that the area of molecular structure poses serious questions. (ii) The next auxiliary hypothesis is the neglect of relativistic effects. This neglect is no ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.